Special feature of 1905 film network The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of China’s film infrastructure.According to statistics, in 2021, the number of national screens reached 82,248, ranking first in the world for six consecutive years. In the past ten years, the number of national screens has increased by 73,048, with a cumulative increase of 694%. According to the latest data released by the State Film Bureau, by the end of September 2021, the total number of county-level cinema screens had increased to 28,525, an increase of 850.83%.

Faced with the increasing number of screens and cinemas, many old cinemas have withdrawn from the historical stage, but many still play a role in enriching people’s spiritual and cultural life. As the national film and television cultural center, they still exist in the streets and alleys of Beijing.

Known as the birthplace of China movies, Daguanlou Cinema, formerly known as the Geological Auditorium of Li Siguang Workshop of the Ministry of Geology, moved to Xidandian, the capital cinema of Xidan Joy City, and is still the first choice cinema for many people.

I have been in contact with film screening since I joined the army at the age of seventeen, and now I am about to retire in the first line of film screening in the geological auditorium. In the past 60 years, movies have played an important role in Wang Jian’s life.

Undoubtedly, Wang Jian can best empathize with the development and progress of China’s film market in the last decade or even a longer period. As a living history of the geological auditorium, he also lived into a realistic version of the "model movie."

Sixty years of life

In December 1962, Wang Jian was born in Beijing. When I was a child, he liked watching movies best, living near Dongsi, and his movie footprint extended from Changhong and Donggong theaters in Dongsi to the geological auditorium in Dongsi.

In November 1980, Wang Jian was drafted into the army and served in the political department of a certain department of Chengdu Military Region. During his service, he first came into contact with the work of film screening. No one ever thought that the first job in life would become the main color in his life for more than forty years.

Photo of the projectionist of the Political Department of Wang Jian’s army (taken in the autumn of 1982)

"First, this is my job. Without movies, there would be no job. Second, movies can increase people’s knowledge. We may not have been anywhere for decades, but you can learn about the customs of other countries through movies, which is entertaining. "

Talking about the significance of movies to personal life in the past ten years or even a longer period of time, Wang Jian’s words are simple. This can’t help but remind people of the line "After the invention of the film, the life span of human beings has been extended by at least three times."

Among the cinema films in recent years, he likes the new mainstream films full of positive energy, such as,, and so on. Because these films "can improve the upward spirit of young people and let them at least understand the current and previous state of the country."

Talking about the recent hit, Wang Jian expressed regret that he had not had time to watch it. Although the projectionist shows movies, he is often busy with his daily work, and the benefits of this work are rarely enjoyed. In addition to the projectionist, he also worked as a maintenance worker and refrigeration worker in the cinema. For excellent cinema films, he will also take time out to "make up lessons".

In December this year, Wang Jian, who has reached the age of listening, will also retire in the Geological Auditorium. He hopes that colleagues will mention themselves in the future and say, "Old comrade Wang Jian is better, at least he can blend in with young people." After retirement, he will often come back to see.

Ten years of change and invariance

Beijing Geology Auditorium was established on January 9, 1989, and its predecessor was the "Li Siguang Workshop" of the Ministry of Geology which was completed in 1959.After returning to Beijing from the army in 1984, Wang Jian was initially assigned to work as a maintenance worker in a state-owned chemical plant. On New Year’s Day in 1988, a projectionist was needed after the reconstruction of the Geological Auditorium. As a result, Wang Jian, a professional counterpart, came here following the arrangement of his superiors.

At that time, the geological auditorium was not open to the public, and the usual screening was also aimed at insiders. A year later, the cinema was officially opened to the public.

"This change has been particularly great in the past 10 years. At the earliest, we were all film machines. Every movie had at least three people working at the same time, one film cutting source and two projectionists, because it was a film switching machine. At that time, when we were in the army, two people were alternately placed. "

Recalling the changes in jobs in the past ten years, Wang Jianshen was deeply touched. When the film machine plays a movie, the handover signal must be aligned manually to keep the sound and picture consistent, which is a great test for the technical ability of the projectionist.

Nowadays, digital projectors are widely used in film interviews, which not only improves the screening quality, but also greatly improves the work efficiency. "After changing the original film projection to digital projection, one person can now stare at three halls."

At present, the Geological Auditorium has 4 projection halls with 1301 seats. Among them, Hall 3 is a laser hall, with higher screen brightness and better viewing experience.

In the past ten years, although the projection technology has been constantly updated and iterated, some fine traditions of the geological auditorium still persist."We won’t withdraw from the show again. Even if there is only one audience in a movie, we will show it as usual, and we won’t persuade people to leave or let them change the scene." According to Wang Jian’s memory, this rule was put forward by an old business manager named Chen Shuping in the Geological Auditorium.

From its establishment to the present, some old audiences have never left for more than 30 years.In Wang Jian’s memory, there was an audience older than himself. Even if he moved from Xisi to Daxing, he would still choose to come to the Geological Auditorium as long as he watched the movie. In the old cinema, sometimes not only movies are shown, but also beautiful memories of the younger generation.

Looking back on the past ten years, the rapid development of equipment digitalization and the whole industry in China film projection market benefited from the development of the times and policy support.

In 2004, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television issued the Outline for the Development of Film Digitization, which clearly stated that China films would complete the transition from film to digital machines within five to ten years. In 2014, the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice on Several Economic Policies to Support Film Development. In 2017, the implementation of "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Film Industry Promotion Law" made the China film market develop healthily and orderly.

Old cinema and new living method

There used to be an old saying in Beijing, "In front of the West Fourth Drum Tower in Dongdan", which refers to the three core business districts in the urban area.Twenty years ago, the geological auditorium, the Red Chamber Cinema and the Shengli Cinema near Xisi formed a "three-legged" trend. Today, only the geological auditorium is still open.

"After 2000, the auditorium is an old cinema, and there are relatively few people coming. The Xisi is no longer a business. Many large studios have better hardware facilities and are still in the new business district. " According to Wang Jian, after entering the new millennium, facing the rise of emerging cinemas, cinemas are facing the pressure of audience diversion. In order to improve business performance, Geological Auditorium actively expands revenue channels.

In 2010, the presence of Mahua FunAge Theater brought new vitality to the cinema.

"We are both a performance venue and a cinema." According to Zhang Yan, manager of the market development department of the Geological Auditorium, the cinema and Mahua FunAge have established a long-term cooperative relationship and used the cinema at different peaks. In addition, the Geological Auditorium can also undertake other performances, conferences, training and other activities to meet the needs of various activities.

In the past ten years, Beijing’s old cinemas have continuously expanded their revenue channels and made great efforts.Jinsong Cinema, founded in 1983, also cooperated with Mahua FunAge. According to the latest ticketing information, from October 29 to 30, the happy little twist family fun children’s drama "The Clown Loves Beauty" will be shown here.

Xidandian, the Capital Cinema, which is about 1.6 kilometers away from the Geological Auditorium, has become a "class representative" for the upgrading and transformation of the old cinema.The Capital Cinema, founded in 1937, was moved to Xidan Joy City in 2008, and all of them were "changed" except the name. Located in a well-known large-scale supermarket in China, and with brand-new projection equipment, the store ranks in the TOP5 of the annual box office list of national cinemas all the year round.

From 2020 to 2021, Xidan Store of Capital Cinema won the national box office list. As of October 20, 2022, the annual box office of the film has exceeded 21 million yuan, ranking second in the country, and only 300,000 box offices away from the first place.

In addition to the main business of film screening, the theater also carried out high-definition screening of stage images, cross talk specials and other businesses. Images of classic musical dramas such as The Nutcracker are constantly being shown in the store. Some cross talk performance teams have also appeared here, and there is even a work specially tailored for cinemas, "Notice of Watching Movies".

Running middle-aged and old cinemas have become witnesses and followers of the rapid development of China film market in the past decade. They are an indispensable part of China film market.

In the past ten years, many achievements in China’s film market can’t be achieved without the help of various macro policies, and also without ordinary people like Wang Jian, who stick to their jobs and pay silently for decades.

Nowadays, China’s films have braved the wind and waves in the world cultural trend, which is also the aspiration of all.

　

Wu Yang, Associate Dean and Associate Professor, School of Chinese Studies, Renmin University of China. His research interests include China’s classical philology, China’s ancient literature, China’s ancient academic history and pre-Qin and Han literature. His monographs include The Origin and Research of Zhu Xi’s Thoughts on the Book of Songs, and the Interpretation of the Essence of the View of Ancient Chinese Literature, and he has published many papers.

　　Wushu, a traditional sport in China, is also called "martial arts", "martial arts", "martial arts play" and "martial arts" in China’s historical documents. It was also called "national art" in the Republic of China, and it is used to be called "Kung Fu" in southeast China. It includes kicking and wrestling, equipment attack and defense, and related medical maintenance knowledge and practice. It not only pays attention to physical exercise, but also pays attention to spiritual cultivation.

　　In this lecture, we mainly introduce the historical spread of Wushu from the aspects of words and documents.

　　There are seven virtues in martial arts

　　Wushu originated from military war, and in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, there was already the word "martial arts", the glyph of which was "going up and down".

　　The word "Wu" changed from "Zhi" to "Ge" and "Zhi" was the pictograph of human feet, and "Ge" was the most common weapon at that time. Mr. Yu Shengwu, an ancient philologist, pointed out that the original meaning of the word "Wu" was conquest and demonstration. The conqueror must have a line, and if he stops, he will show it; The conqueror must use weapons, and Ge is also a weapon. "

　　Picture of Book Shadow of Ji Xiao Xin Shu

　　The expression of "martial arts" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s military conquest and demonstration was quickly endowed with the connotation of "morality" after entering the Western Zhou Dynasty, which became an important content of the ritual and music system in the Zhou Dynasty and lasted for thousands of years, becoming the core content of China’s military thought and Chinese martial arts thought.

　　According to Zuo Zhuan, in 597 BC, Jin Chu launched the Battle of Tai, and the Chu army won. Chu Zhuangwang didn’t get carried away by it after the war. He interpreted the meaning of "martial arts" as "stopping the war", that is, being able to stop the war is the real "martial arts". This concept can be said to have absorbed the contents preached by the poems praising Zhou Wuwang’s martial arts to pacify the world and restore peace in The Book of Songs, and also inherited the concepts of "knowing morality and being cautious in punishment" and "righteous punishment and righteous killing" in Shangshu, and influenced the concepts of "no punishment in prison", "killing to stop killing" and "fighting to stop fighting" in later generations, thus starting the road of shaping the spiritual quality of the Chinese nation, which loves peace and dares to defend justice. In addition, Chu Zhuangwang also put forward the concept of "martial arts have seven virtues", namely, "forbidding violence", "suppressing soldiers", "ensuring greatness", "securing people", "harmony" and "enriching wealth". If we extend it a little, then what Chu Zhuangwang said is "the seven virtues of martial arts"It can be further understood as stopping violence, eliminating war, implementing moral policies, inheriting achievements, stabilizing people, uniting friends and filling wealth. These contents are also based on the theme conveyed by the poems praising the achievements of Zhou Wenwang and King Wu of Zhou in the Book of Songs. More than 2,600 years ago, our ancestors had such a political ideal, and then repeatedly stressed that this ideal was institutionalized as the posthumous title of emperors to remind and warn future rulers — — It is recorded in Yi Zhou Shu Xie Fa that the content of martial arts represented by posthumous title is "being rigid and rational", "being strong and virtuous", "overcoming disasters" and "being ambitious and poor". The first four emphasize martial arts, but also insist on justice, loyalty and forgiveness, virtue and law, and the last one. The "Seven Virtues of Martial Arts" put forward by Chu Zhuangwang not only contains the peaceful ideal of compassion and destiny, but also has the political idea of pursuing moral politics, emphasizing the practical significance of living and working in peace and increasing wealth, which is a three-dimensional "martial arts".Since then, the concept has been established, passed down from generation to generation and continuously enriched, becoming the moral core of Chinese Wushu.

　　Photographs of Qi Jiguang commemorative stamps issued in 2008

　　all-inclusive

　　If "Wushu Morality" is the spiritual core of China Wushu’s historical inheritance, then the source and motive force of China Wushu’s endless development are "inclusiveness" and "seeking truth and being pragmatic".

　　In the anti-Japanese war on the southeast coast of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty dispatched Zhuang "wolf soldiers" from Guangxi to participate in the anti-Japanese war. One of the "wolf soldiers" was led by the wife of Tian Zhou local official Cenmeng, and achieved brilliant results. The "wolf soldiers" led by Mrs. Walsh have the so-called "Cen Jia Bing Law" and are good at fighting in small teams. Li Jiyuan, an associate professor at the School of Physical Education and Health of Hangzhou Normal University, believes that Qi Jiguang’s "Yuanyang Array", which played a decisive role in the war against Japan, may have learned from the "Cen Jiabing Law" that year. Mrs. WATSE was good at using double knives, and taught them to Xiang Yuanchi, who in turn taught them to Wu Xun. Wu Xun wrote "Song of Double Knives" in his martial art masterpiece "Record of Arms" to record the incident. He also incorporated the swordsmanship he learned from the old man in Yuyang, Hebei Province into WATSE’s double knives, and further evolved WATSE’s double knives into marksmanship. It is Wu Hao’s study and transformation that makes the martial arts of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi and Central Plains communicate and merge with each other, forming new martial arts moves and technical concepts.

　　In addition, according to the research of Ma Mingda, a professor at the Institute of Chinese-foreign Relations of Jinan University, in the article "An Examination of the Exchange of Sword and Knife Skills between China, Japan and Korea in History", Qi Jiguang found that the Japanese swordsmanship was fierce in the war against Japan, so he reformed the Japanese swordsmanship and wrote "Xinyou Knife Method" to coach his soldiers against the enemy. Later, both Cheng Zongyou and Wu Xun studied Japanese knife techniques and recorded their experiences in their respective works. This kind of two-handed knife method has been circulating in China. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, one school was passed on to Ma Fengtu by Huang Linbiao of Hebei Province. Ma Fengtu once adapted this knife method into "Eight Knives to Break the Front" and promoted it as a broadsword teaching material for soldiers at that time. The other school was passed on to Liu Yuchun and others by the Xie Deheng brothers of Wuqiao. In 1928, the "Central Martial Arts Museum" was established. Ma Yingtu, a descendant of Ma Fengtu, and Guo Changsheng, a descendant of Liu Yuchun, integrated their respective teachings and called them "Ertang Miaodao". Today’s so-called "Miao Dao" comes from here.

　　In addition, Professor Ma Mingda pointed out in the article "A Collection of Anecdotes about Baba in Yanshan Mountain" that the traditional martial arts system in northwest China, which is mainly based on the apocalypse stick and eight-door boxing, probably originated from a Hui folk martial artist named Chang Yanshan. Ma Mingda pointed out: "When he taught martial arts, he broke down national barriers and paid attention to coordinating the relationship between boxers of different nationalities from the beginning, thus laying a good foundation for harmonious coexistence in the future." This is of similar positive significance to the historical story that Mrs. Wasser participated in the anti-Japanese war and taught the double-knife method. In history, China Wushu is all-inclusive, which is beneficial to learn from each other’s strong points and make innovations in its own development.

　　The reason why China Wushu can be "inclusive" is inseparable from its consistent pursuit of "seeking truth and being pragmatic". The reason why Washberg’s Double Knife, Cenjiabing and even Japanese Knife can be used for reference by ancient martial artists is that they have all been proved to be effective martial arts skills after practice. It can be said that "inclusiveness" itself is also a manifestation of "seeking truth and being pragmatic".

　　Students from Shaolin Tagou Martial Arts School in Songshan, Henan Province are attending classes. Xinhua news agency

　　Among the "seven virtues of martial arts" mentioned before, "forbidding violence", "suppressing soldiers", "reassuring the people" and "enriching wealth" are also quite pragmatic virtues. The ancients also enriched these viewpoints in the practice of Wushu teaching. When talking about archery, Wei Wendi Cao Pi once said that shooting with a good target is far less than shooting with hunting. He compared the sword with General Deng Zhan, and won four times. Then he said to Deng Zhan, "May General Deng give up his old tricks and get more important points", which shows Cao Pi’s characteristics of emphasizing practice and seeking truth and being pragmatic in martial arts. Qi Jiguang resolutely put an end to any unpractical martial arts moves because of the requirements of the military war. In his New Book of Ji Xiao, he clearly stated: "Anyone who tries martial arts must learn the real enemy’s skills as shown, so that he can really fight the fighter. He is not allowed to still learn the methods such as fireworks, and he is only trying to look good in front of others." Mr. Tang Hao, a sports historian, also said in "Introduction to Neijia Boxing": "The ancient boxers confused the world with flowers and tricks, and they had already spoken generously about it 300 years ago in Qinantang." It can be seen that "seeking truth and being pragmatic" has always been an important pursuit of China Wushu. Although "flower guns" and "flower tricks" have emerged one after another in history,However, Jianghu deception can never block the eyes of real martial artists and scholars.

　　Wushu is aimed at fighting, so it must have the function of confrontation, and only in confrontation can it show the greatest charm of Wushu. Looking around the world today, boxing, Muay Thai, Taekwondo, karate, judo, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, mixed fighting, etc., all have scientific training methods, reasonable rank standards and fair competition, and therefore have become widely popular sports in the world. While China Wushu has a long history and many schools, how can we construct a set of standards that can be recognized by everyone? Historically, martial artists in China have never given up the antagonism and practicality of martial arts. If we can continue to adhere to the principle of "inclusiveness" and "seeking truth and being pragmatic", further absorb the expertise of other martial arts in the world in techniques and rules, integrate our own traditions and characteristics, inherit the spiritual connotation of China Wushu, and truly maintain the fighting essence of China Wushu, China Wushu will be able to stride forward on its own road.

　　On May 19th, students from the Third Experimental Primary School in Luannan County, Hebei Province practiced martial arts on the playground. Xinhua news agency

　　be accomplished with both the pen and the sword

　　Hong Mai, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, once pointed out: "Three generations go up, regardless of civil and military. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the generals of the countries are all appointed, and they are in power, and they will be soldiers when they leave. " According to the pre-Qin literature, this is good. It is recorded in Zhou Li that the official of Bao was responsible for educating the aristocratic children at that time, and the important educational content was six arts, namely, ceremony, music, shooting, controlling, writing and counting. The "ceremony" and "music" in the six arts are etiquette norms; "Book" and "number" are cultural knowledge; "Shooting" and "controlling" are military talents, that is, "archery" and "driving a carriage". The concept and practice of ancient people’s early combination of civil and military skills shown in Zhou Li is vividly exemplified in Zuo Zhuan. For example, before the Battle of Tai in Jin Chu in Twelve Years of Zuo Zhuan Xuangong (597 BC),Chu sent a chariot to challenge the Jin army. This carriage is driven by Xu Bo, LeBo is in charge of long-range shooting for the left side of the carriage, and Uncle She is in charge of melee for the right side of the carriage. They drove the carriage to the front of the camp of the Jin army, and after fighting with the Jin army, they turned the carriage and returned to their camp. At this time, the Jin army sent three chariots to chase after him. Lebo used superb archery to shoot back about two chariots of the Jin army, only to find that there was only one arrow left, and there was a chariot of Bao Gui of the State of Jin chasing behind him. At this moment, a wild deer suddenly appeared, so Lebo shot the wild deer with the last arrow, and then Xu Bo stopped the carriage and presented the dead deer to Bao Gui, who came after him, and said, "Although the season has not arrived, we only have this deer as a gift, hoping to give it to your men." Bao Gui saw this situation, and his opponent said, "Their left driver is a marksman who knows archery, and their right driver is good at rhetoric. They are all gentlemen." So Bao Gui stopped chasing and let the Chu people leave.

　　This story recorded in Zuo Zhuan is a typical "gentleman-style" combat mode in the Spring and Autumn Period. As challengers, Xu Bo, Le Bo, and Shu She are loyal to their duties. In ancient times, shooting and hunting, "shooting from the left fat, reaching the right fat, means killing up", that is, from the left lower abdomen to the right shoulder, an arrow goes through the heart. This way not only relieves the pain of the prey, but also ensures the cleanliness of the prey, which is killing up. There are also so-called "three don’t sacrifice" in ancient hunting, that is, "no sacrifice for face injuries, no sacrifice for feathers, and no sacrifice for birds". Both "face injuries" and "feathers" are head-on shots at prey, which are suspected of "killing young birds". Lebo’s "shooting elk and beautiful turtle" not only shows his superb archery, but also shows that he abides by the law. It’s desperate to offer a deer, but he is humble, familiar with the season, courteous and leisurely. Bao Gui’s abandonment of pursuit is precisely based on the respect of the people of that time for the "gentleman".

　　For example, when the ancients described a person as having excellent driving skills, they would say that he was "like a group, two like dancing", "like a piano" and "like a piano", describing a person as having excellent archery skills.

　　"The Book of Rites Shoots Righteousness" says, "Therefore, if you shoot, you must be polite when you advance and retreat, be upright inside and straight outside, and then hold a bow and arrow to examine the solid; Hold the bow and arrow to examine the solid, and then you can say that this can be a virtue. " This is to upgrade the skills of "martial arts" to the level of virtue and etiquette.

　　In Mencius, it is recorded that Mencius and his disciple Gong Sunchou discussed how to be "unmoved" (that is, brave and firm in will). Mencius cited three ways to cultivate courage: Bei Gong, Meng’s charity and Ceng Zi. It is speculated by later generations that Bei Gong Si is probably a warrior, and his way of cultivating courage lies in "striving for victory"; Meng Jishi may be a general, and his way of cultivating courage lies in "not being afraid"; Ceng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, inherited Confucius’ way of cultivating courage, that is, "keeping righteousness": if he feels unjust in his heart, he will shrink even in the face of a person who has no fighting capacity; If you feel that it is in line with justice, then "although there are thousands of people, I will go." Mencius thought that Bei Gong and Meng’s alms were not as good as Ceng Zi’s method. Then, Mencius put forward his own method, that is, "nurturing my noble spirit". This "noble spirit" is "supreme and just, and it is harmless to raise it directly, so it is stuffed between heaven and earth. It is also qi, which matches righteousness and Tao; Nothing, nothing. " Mencius’ "noble spirit" is produced from the heart by combining with "righteousness". If you are correct in your heart, sincere in your intentions, and consistent with righteousness, you will be fearless and invincible. Although Mencius discussed the issue of human will,However, with the help of warriors, generals and Confucian scholars, he discussed the external kung fu of "martial arts" and transformed it into the internal spiritual cultivation of "nourishing qi" and "righting the heart", which shaped the heroic and lofty spirit that the Chinese nation has always upheld and profoundly influenced the character of martial arts both inside and outside in the long history.

　　We can also see from Zuo Zhuan that Fu Cha, the king of Wu, invaded Lu, and the doctor of Lu recruited warriors to prepare for the night attack on the king of Wu, and Confucius’ disciples were among them. Qi invaded Lu, with Fan Chi, a young disciple of Confucius, as the right driver, while Ran Qiu led Zuo Shi and broke into Qi with a spear to win. Civil strife broke out in the country of Wei, and Confucius’ disciple Zilu, the savior, failed and died. Confucius disciples are famous for their kindness, learning etiquette and music, and being gentle, but there are still many people who don’t avoid the edge and sacrifice their lives for righteousness. Even though Mozi, who criticized Confucianism a lot later, advocated universal love and non-attack, twenty of his works, such as Preparing the City Gate, were concrete methods of guarding the city, and Mozi made a long journey from Qi to Chu to stop the public transport group from attacking the Song Dynasty. His chivalrous spirit and military talent showed the characteristics of "both civil and military" with the same effect as Confucianism. Although with the development of bureaucracy and official selection system, especially the maturity of imperial examinations, it has become a historical fact that civil and military skills are gradually divided, as an endless humanistic tradition from ancient times to the present, "having both civil and military skills" has not only become the ideal of Chinese people, but also shaped the special character of China Wushu to some extent.

　　Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, organized the compilation of the earliest kind of book "Huang Lan" in China, and one of the "Papers" preserved in his "Dian Lun" became a masterpiece in the history of literary criticism; In addition, he wrote more than 100 poems, among which Yan Ge Xing was once regarded as the earliest complete seven-character poem in China. In addition, Cao Pishan was good at riding and shooting, fencing and double halberd, and his discussion on the content of Wushu in "Self-narration" in Dian Lun became valuable historical materials for understanding the development of Wushu at that time.

　　Tang Shunzhi, a scholar in the eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, was a representative of the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties in Ming Dynasty, one of the eight gifted scholars in Jiajing. He was the official and the governor of the right capital, Jianghuai, who participated in the anti-Japanese war, and personally "pranced forward with a knife". His "Wu Bian" was included in "Sikuquanshu Subdivision Military Strategists" and once taught Qi Jiguang marksmanship. Due to the fierce suffering of the Japanese invaders in the Ming Dynasty, there was a trend of literati talking about military affairs and advocating martial arts in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Apart from Tang Shunzhi, there were Zheng Ruozeng, He Liangchen, Mao Yuanyi and others. Mr. Li Jiyuan introduced it in detail in the book "A Study on the History of Martial Arts in the Ming Dynasty", so I won’t go into details here.

　　Huang Baijia, the youngest son of Huang Zongxi, a famous scholar in the early Qing Dynasty. Huang Baijia passed on Huang Zongxi’s learning, supplemented his father’s Song and Yuan Learning Cases, became proficient in mathematics, and later entered the Ming History Museum, compiling Tian Wen Zhi and Li Zhi. Huang’s father and son played an important role in the academic history of the early Qing Dynasty. What is often overlooked is that the Epitaph of Wang Zhengnan written by Huang Zongxi and the Law of Neijia Boxing written by Huang Baijia are important historical materials about Neijia Boxing, which can also be said to be the origin of the internal and external division of boxing since the late Ming Dynasty, and Huang Baijia is one of the main descendants of Neijia Boxing. Mr. Ma Mingda once pointed out in the book "A Collection of Swords": "In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of discussing military science and advocating martial arts among northern and southern literati." In addition to Huang’s father and son, there were Wu Xun, Lu Shiyi and others in the south, and Fu Qingzhu, Yan Yuan and Li Wei in the north. Yan Yuan once said that "there is no way to be short of civil and military skills", which was different from that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

　　During the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, in the face of the invasion of western powers, Chinese people once again set off a wave of pursuing "both civil and military skills", especially in the face of western modern civilization. In order to get rid of superstitions and let China Wushu establish itself and embark on the road of scientific development, a group of scholars, represented by Mr. Tang Hao, a sports historian, began to study the history of China Wushu. Mr. Tang Hao collated martial arts literature, searched for historical truth and collected information on the spot, and wrote many monographs such as Tai Ji Chuan and Neijia Boxing, Neijia Boxing, Shaolin Wudang Examination, Shaolin Boxing Secret Textual Research, China Ancient Lost Sword Technique and so on. Liu Weitian, a friend of Tang Hao’s, said in his testimony in the "martial arts series" compiled by Tang Hao that Tang Hao’s works "take absurd, evil and mysterious fallacies about martial arts, or use them as a smoke screen to cover themselves ‘ Settle down and live ’ The wild words of the aspirants were once ‘ Liquidation ’ ; At the same time, it also left the previous generation behind ‘ Martial arts ’ Things in the world — — Make it exist reasonably, eliminate the unreasonable without pity, and discard it — — Make a new arrangement and evaluation. More importantly, the so-called ‘ Martial arts ’ What position and value should it occupy in the progress of human history, at present and even in the future society? After this is clear, we can get a correct,Only with scientific practical standards can we avoid blind efforts, and we can more closely prove the so-called ‘ Martial arts ’ The value is there. " Obviously, Mr. Tang Hao’s research on the history of martial arts is not just a historical study. He hopes that through this work, he will lay a solid foundation for the research and development of China’s martial arts, solve the problems of modernity, science and practice that plague China’s martial arts, and enable China’s martial arts to regain its vitality in modern society, so that the Chinese nation can stand among the nations of the world with strong spirit and physique with the help of martial arts.

　　Today, with the improvement of the new education system and educational concept, the popularization of sports and the renewal of life concept, the tradition and ideal of "having both civil and military skills" can be truly inherited and realized today, and more and more martial artists and martial arts practitioners have modern sports and scientific knowledge, and can inherit and develop the ancient martial arts practice methods and spiritual connotations; More and more scholars who have received systematic academic training are engaged in the research and practice of Wushu history, and the discipline construction of national traditional physical education in universities and research units is becoming more and more reasonable. We believe that China Wushu, as an outstanding cultural heritage with a long history of the Chinese nation, will establish a complete academic, practical and cultural system to further develop itself and let the world know more about China Wushu.

On May 9th, Star Era ET was officially listed. The positioning of new cars in medium and large SUVs is a heavy work of Chery Group’s high-end new energy layout.

Star Era ET has launched a total of 8 versions in this listing, and the price range of the three versions of the extended range series is 189,800-225,800 yuan; The price range of five versions of pure electric series is 229,800-319,800 yuan.

It is worth mentioning that since the pre-sale started on April 15th, as of 18: 00 on May 9th, the large order of Star Era ET has reached 18,397 units, which can be described as "hot at the beginning".

Ultra-long battery life: extended range of 2141.4km, pure electric 760km.

Xingjiyuan ET extended-range vehicle is equipped with a special high-performance extended-range engine developed by Chery, and its thermal efficiency is as high as 44.5%. At the same time, the engine also has excellent oil-electricity conversion efficiency, which can achieve 1L oil-fired power generation of 3.65kWh, and the fuel consumption of WLTC feed is only 5.2 L/100 km, and the comprehensive battery life is 1518km.

Endurance has always been the focus of users’ attention to new energy vehicles, but in fact, the endurance limit of Xingji ET extended-range models is not only 1518km. In the extreme endurance challenge of Star Era ET extended-range vehicle, it finally traveled 2141.4km with full fuel and electricity, far exceeding our expectations for extended-range vehicles.

Xingjiyuan ET pure electric vehicle has four endurance versions of 540km, 625km, 655km and 760km, among which the high-equipped vehicle is equipped with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Shenxing rechargeable battery, which can recharge 475km in 11.5 minutes, and it only takes 24 minutes to charge the SOC from 20% to 80% at the low temperature of minus 20℃. In addition, under the condition that the vehicle is only 20% low in SOC, it can still run 5.46s of zero acceleration on the ice and snow road at MINUS 20℃, and it has got a good balance in endurance, energy supplement and power.

Verification of safety strength by 31.9-meter air fall

Xingjiyuan ET is equipped with active safety, passive safety, battery safety, information safety, functional safety and electromagnetic safety, which is very comprehensive for the creation of safety.

Especially in the aspect of battery safety, Xingjiyuan ET battery adopts 1+8+1 all-round safety system, and has passed the rigorous tests far exceeding the national battery safety standards, including mechanical impact test, serial bottom scraping test, serial submerged test and thermal runaway test.

In terms of car body strength, Xingjiyuan ET is built according to domestic and international double five-star safety standards, and adopts a brand-new cage-type space capsule 2.0 design. The amount of high-strength steel and aluminum in the car body is as high as 88%, and the compressive strength of the roof exceeds 11 tons. It also adopts multiple force transmission paths and integrated door knocker structure design, which can ensure the integrity of A-pillar, the integrity of passenger compartment and the zero deformation of power battery in high-speed collision.

Because of the self-confidence in safety, Star Age ET conducted a "free fall" experiment from an altitude of 31.9 meters: the vehicle kept in a vertical collision and was in a power-on state, and the front of the car collided with a 4 cm thick steel plate on the ground 100%, with an instantaneous collision speed as high as 90km/h and collision energy exceeding the industry standard by 3.24 times.

The test results show that there is no obvious deformation in the passenger compartment structure of the vehicle, the doors can be opened, the airbag pops up normally, the battery does not leak, smoke or catch fire, and the safety strength is verified.

Large space and high configuration, with high-order intelligent driving ability.

As a medium and large SUV, Xingjiyuan ET has a body size of 4955×1975×1698mm and a wheelbase of 3000 mm. Based on the design concept of "big space/small pool", its effective cabin space is 3.45 m, even larger than that of Tesla. At the same time, the light transmission area of the panoramic skylight also reached 1.57㎡, forming a bright interior lighting.

Entering the high-end market, the luxury attribute of Star Age ET is also very strong. Intuitively reflected in the configuration, the seat is made of Nuprima micro-velvet matte leather, and equipped with the luxurious ultra-wide audio headrest of the main driver, the 16-way electric floating zero-gravity passenger seat, the four-way electric adjustable rear seat, and the seat functions such as ventilation, heating, massage and lumbar support.

On the auditory perception level, Star Age ET is equipped with Lion Melody master audio system, with 23 high-quality speakers, with a peak power of 2880W W. At the same time, the front and rear four windows are made of 6mm double-layer laminated silent glass, which should have a good performance in sound effect and interior quietness.

In terms of intelligent configuration, Star Age ET is based on Chery’s latest generation EEA 5.0 electronic and electrical architecture, which can support high-level intelligent driving and advanced intelligent cockpit. Especially for intelligent driving, Xingjiyuan ET is equipped with 30 high-performance sensors and adopts dual NVIDIA Orion-X chips with 508TOPS computing power, which can realize high-order intelligent driving functions such as high-speed navigation assistance, urban navigation assistance and intelligent parking. Moreover, because of the integration of intelligent driving and intelligent cockpit AI model by Star Era ET, users can talk to virtual voice assistants in intelligent driving to complete intelligent driving control.

The zero-hundred acceleration of the extended range vehicle is 7.8 seconds, and the zero-hundred acceleration of the pure electric vehicle is 3.8 seconds.

Due to the adoption of 800V electric drive and the intelligent torque control system, the total power of the front and rear motors of the four-wheel drive top model of Xingjiyuan ET pure electric vehicle is as high as 413KW, which can produce 8000N·m wheel-end torque output at the maximum, achieving zero acceleration performance of 3.8 seconds.

However, the maximum power and torque of the motor of the extended-range model are 195kW and 324N·m respectively, and the zero-hundred-acceleration performance is 7.8 seconds, which is also quite good performance.

In addition to the strong dynamic performance, Xingyue ET has made many configuration blessings in handling performance. Including front high-order double wishbone suspension, IAS intelligent air suspension, CDC electromagnetic vibration reduction system, aluminum alloy chassis, six-piston fixed calipers, CIC fusion control technology, etc., so that it can be balanced and balanced in handling and comfort to a greater extent.

In addition, Xingjiyuan ET has a wading depth of 700+50mm, and the whole vehicle has been strengthened in sealing and waterproofing, so it can easily face the scenes of heavy rainfall and water-logged roads.

With the continuous development and even leading position in the core fields such as new energy technology, intelligent technology and manufacturing technology, China Automobile has finally taken the road of high-end luxury. They wrested back the right to speak from joint ventures or even imported car companies, which made it a reality for China car brands to go up collectively. The Star Era ET is undoubtedly another powerful player in the high-end luxury SUV. It combines the advantages of Chery’s technology, talents and platform, and is also willing to pay the cost. The product strength of the whole vehicle is very versatile. For the brand, it is an important step for the star to continue to rise, and for consumers, it will be an excellent product.

　　There has never been a spring so eagerly awaited, and the cherry blossoms that are given hope carry people’s longing for a better future. So, can only go to Wuhan University to enjoy the beauty of cherry blossoms? NO NO NO, now, Changzhou people can enjoy the cherry blossoms of Internet celebrities at their doorstep, and they can clock in when they go out.

Image source network

　　Has the romantic cherry blossoms full of girl’s heart already made you eager? The editor offers this customized "Changzhou Cherry Appreciation Strategy" for everyone. Are You Ready?

　　Maoshan Baosheng Garden

　　Cherry blossoms in a mountain spring in March

　　It is a ritual to treat spring correctly

　　The Cherry Blossom Valley of Maoshan Baosheng Garden

　　It is a must-see spot for taking beautiful photos of cherry blossoms

　　Where the spring breeze arrives, the cherry blossoms are fragrant

　　Which cherry blossoms are your favorite?

　　It is a sea of flowers full of girlish heart at a glance

　　Or a cluster of cherry brocade that can fully meet the needs of photography

　　Or the cherry blossoms that can inspire pity

　　Baosheng Garden Cherry Blossom Valley

　　Satisfy all your fantasies about cherry blossoms

　　The endless sea of cherry blossoms allows you to step into spring

　　Everywhere I go, the air is filled with the sweet fragrance of cherry blossoms

　　Cherry blossoms spring day, Hanfu and cherry blossoms are a beautiful match

　　Under the cherry blossom tree, on the cherry blossom plank road

　　Treat each other with ancient rites, meet each other with Hanfu

　　Dancing in the colorful cherry blossom rain

　　With a smile and a glance, in a trance, it seems to have crossed a thousand years

　　Enjoy the cherry blossoms in Chinese clothes, astonishing the Hong

　　Weaving this dream of spring

　　Live up to the spring

Note: Sakura Hanfu change experience process

　　By the way, don’t forget to take a walk "Sakuragi Blossom Road"

　　After regaining the long-lost pink heart

　　And freeze frame this beautiful moment of youth

　　The eyes are satisfied and the mouth is rewarded.

　　The Cherry Blossom Market, which gathers romantic cherry blossom elements, is open to the public

　　Trendy food makes tourists fall in love with the fun of the market in a second

　　If you don’t give up the fleeting beauty of cherry blossoms

　　You can also try the ancient method of handmade papermaking

　　Use thin paper

　　Forever retain the graceful appearance of Sakura

　　Your own spring memories are born

　　Best flower viewing period: mid-to-late March, flower viewing address: No. 169, Maodong Forest Farm, Jintan Maoshan Tourist Resort, Changzhou City

　　Bieqiao original hometown

　　If you want to ask what Taoyuan should look like

　　The thousand-acre cherry blossom forest in Bieqiao’s hometown may be able to give you an answer

　　Every year at the end of March and the beginning of April

　　Thousands of acres and hundreds of thousands of cherry blossoms bloom in the original hometown of Bieqiao, Liyang

　　Among them, there are more than 200 acres of early cherry blossoms and more than 1,000 acres of late cherry blossoms.

　　Looking at a sea of pink flowers

　　Into the layers of cherry blossoms

　　The sun is falling through the cracks in the branches

　　When the breeze blows, cherry blossoms fall like snow

　　At this moment, the pink and white of the rolling mountains

　　It is the softest and warmest color of spring

　　I want to snatch your camera memory with the original cherry blossoms

　　And golden rape

　　Corners, roadsides, fields

　　Layers of flower fields are like golden waves

　　In a field like this

　　It’s really touching spring

　　Of course, there are still many new tricks waiting for you to unlock in the original hometown.

　　Stepping into "The Wizard of Oz" is like stepping into a movie

　　Hidden in the sea of flowers in the hometown Hobbit village

　　It’s like returning to the Jurassic dinosaur realm

　　After enjoying the flowers, you can also go on an idyllic adventure

　　If you are tired, you can also take a boat on the central lake

　　Experience the joys of a water cruise

　　Listen to the wind blowing past my ears

　　Time seems to stand still in the beauty of this moment

　　Best flower viewing period: late March for early cherry blossoms, early April for late cherry blossoms, flower viewing address: see picture

　　Chajiawan Cherry Blossom Avenue

　　In Chajiawan, Changzhou

　　It’s two kilometers long.

　　The breathtaking cherry blossom avenue

　　500 Yoshino cherry trees and 1,000 evening cherry trees are planted along the road

　　It is a major cherry blossom viewing spot in the city

　　And the best way to play this cherry blossom avenue

　　There is nothing more than climbing all the way up the mountain road

　　There are scenes everywhere along the way

　　A hundred early cherry blossoms, a thousand late cherry blossoms

　　White as snow, pink as Dai

　　Colorful cherry blossoms and clear blue sky complement each other

　　The vitality of spring comes into view

　　If you think Chajiawan only has such a way to enjoy cherry blossoms

　　That would be a big mistake

　　Located in Zhenglu Jiaoxi, at the foot of Shun Mountain, Chajiawan on the banks of Laoshun River

　　It is one of the first seven beautiful rural demonstration areas (sites) in Changzhou City

　　It has ten major attractions such as Ludi Jianjia, Shunshan Autumn Color, and Huaqiangu

　　Known as "Changzhou Back Garden"

　　Landscapes reflect the belt, villages gather stars, rice and grain are lush, and forest fruits are fragrant

　　Looking at Xiaoqiao Flowing Water from a distance

　　Enjoy the beautiful idyllic scenery

　　Step into the cultural and historical sites

　　You can also try seasonal fruit picking

　　A variety of tourism forms are achieved in one stop, why not do it?

　　The best flower viewing period: the end of March for early cherry blossoms, the beginning of April for late cherry blossoms. Address: Chajiawan, Chajia Village, Zhenglu Town, Tianning District. See the picture for details.

　　Hongmei Park

　　Hongmei Park, founded in 1958, is a national 4A-level tourist attraction

　　Top ten flower viewing resorts in spring in Jiangsu Province

　　It is a good heart that Changzhou people cannot miss when they go outing and enjoy plums.

　　After enjoying the plum blossoms, don’t forget to feel the cherry blossoms in the lower garden

　　As an important node in the construction of the old city

　　Recently, Hongmei Park has been renovated

　　Introduced varieties such as Yoshino cherry, acer, Ophiopogon dwarf

　　"Cherry Blossom Curve" next to the Banshan Pavilion and the large lawn

　　More than 300 early cherry trees have bloomed one after another

　　The garden is also in full bloom with its "good sister" red leaf plums

　　Looking from a distance like pink and white clouds surging

　　Up close, the simple petals are as light as feathers

　　Let people "turn red leaves and plums into cherry blossoms"

　　Of course, you can’t tell the difference between cherry blossoms and red leaf plums, and you don’t need to be torn

　　After all, let go of everything and lie under the tree to feel "colorful"

　　Take a rain of flowers and dye a season of romance

　　The most romantic way to relax in spring

　　Don’t blame me for not telling you sooner

　　Best flower viewing period: late March, flower viewing address: No. 28, Danqing Road, Tianning District, Changzhou City

　　Chunqiu Yancheng Ruins Park

　　I want to go on a time travel while admiring the cherry blossoms

　　Spring and Autumn Yancheng Ruins Park can definitely satisfy you

　　Spring and Autumn Yancheng Ruins Park with a history of nearly 3,000 years

　　It is the most well-preserved ground city ruins of the Spring and Autumn Period in China

　　There are nearly a thousand cherry blossoms planted in the garden on Qianying Road and Cherry Blossom Avenue

　　It blooms in season, like a sea of cherry blossoms all the way

　　It was once rated as the favorite cherry blossom spot by netizens by the Jiangsu Provincial Tourism Bureau

　　Dressed in ancient Chinese clothes

　　With the light drifting cherry blossom rain

　　Walking in the beautiful spring light of the thousand-year-old city

　　Like a dream in spring and autumn

　　I don’t know what year it is tonight

　　It is worth mentioning that

　　There are also various cultural performances in the garden

　　Experience multicultural flavors while hiking and appreciating cherry blossoms

　　Also a good choice

　　Best flower viewing period: late March to early April, flower viewing address: No. 201, Wuyi Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province

　　Longtan Flower Valley

　　Although the cherry blossoms are brilliant

　　The flowering period is mostly only 10 days

　　If you don’t catch the flying Sakura Chuixue

　　Then coming to Longtan Flower Valley can also make up for some regrets

　　Longtan Flower Valley is located between Tianmu Lake and Nanshan Bamboo Sea

　　Passing by Liyang Internet celebrity rainbow highway

　　Flower sea landscape, development training, parent-child activities

　　Wedding photography, picnic barbecue, RV camping, special catering, etc

　　A variety of entertainment and leisure activities are integrated.

　　There is a species in the valley called "cherry blossoms that grow on the ground" – Shiba Sakura

　　Shiba cherry, not cherry blossoms

　　Because the petals in full bloom resemble cherry blossoms

　　And the stems crawl on the ground like dwarf grass, hence the name

　　Here’s the thing.

　　The total flowering period of Shiba cherry is up to 3 months

　　It’s enough for you to be ready to appreciate its beauty

　　Best flower viewing period: April-June, flower viewing address: No. 68, Chenjia Village, Gaoqiao Village Committee, Daibu Town, Liyang City, Changzhou

　　Why do you need a long journey to appreciate cherry blossoms?

　　Follow this guide to cherry blossom viewing in Changzhou

　　Set foot in the mountains of my hometown

　　Feel the most alluring cherry blossom powder on this romantic spring day~

Russian troops show captured American M4 carbine.

A large number of Georgian weapons and ammunition were seized by Russian troops.

　　There are also the latest communication equipment produced in the United States, such as the multi-purpose radio station launched by Harris Company in the United States.

　　BEIJING, Sept. 13 (Xinhua)-Alexander Nikonov, director of the Central Military Museum of the Russian Ministry of National Defense, said on September 12 that an exhibition of Georgian weapons captured by Russian troops was held in the museum on September 9, which attracted the attention of media from all over the world, including Georgian media. The Russian Ministry of Defence has provided more than 300 exhibits for this weapons exhibition.

　　According to the report of Russian New Network, Nikonov pointed out: "After the exhibition, many visitors from Russia and other countries came by themselves, as well as some tour groups and students from some military academies and other universities. We estimate that the main visitors will appear on weekends this week. This exhibition has also attracted the attention of media in various countries: some of them have visited the exhibition, and some have sent us applications. These media are not Russian media at all. " Nikonov said that two Georgian television stations are now covering the weapons exhibition.

　　In addition, Italian National Television (RAI), Japanese NTV TV and other media are preparing to report or have already started to report on this exhibition.

　　Among the Georgian military trophies seized by Russian troops are Georgian military uniforms, identification marks, equipment and personal hygiene products, almost all of which are made according to the style of NATO troops.

　　Among the seized weapons are the American м-4 carbine, the machine gun produced in Bulgaria, the light machine gun produced in Israel and the 40 mm 66-tube rocket launcher. There are also the latest communication equipment produced in the United States, such as the multi-purpose radio station launched by Harris Company in the United States.

　　Visitors to the exhibition will also learn about dry food and American-style military backpacks produced by Turkey for NATO troops, equipment for transporting the wounded, sleeping bags and bedding used by Georgian soldiers produced in Europe.

　　[Original by Aika Car Center]

　　Engine oil leakage is as hard to prevent as a person catching a cold, and it will inevitably appear after a certain mileage. Although the tiny leakage will not affect the normal driving, the dust entering the engine room will stick to the surface of the oil, forming greasy dirt over time, which will seriously hinder the heat dissipation of the engine.

　　Let’s not talk about what harm oil leakage will bring to the engine for the time being. It is enough to make people hate it. Take the "patient" who checked into the garage this time. Although this is a short-lived Excelle, judging from the oil leakage of the engine, you will not imagine that this is a quasi-new car with a mileage of less than 40000km.

First, how to judge oil leakage

　　Slight oil leakageYou can take no measures for the time being, butTo attract enough attention,Because the oil leakage point is the weakest part of the engine seal, the leakage will become more and more serious as time goes by.

　　When the vehicle is running, the wind flowing into the engine room will blow the leaked engine oil to all corners. This is the reason why oil sludge will stick to the parts without oil leakage.

　　During inspection, the leakage can be identified according to the wetting degree of the mimeograph.The wettest part of the mimeograph is the place where the oil leakage is the most serious.After external rough inspection, it can be locked that the oil leakage point is mainly concentrated in the valve cover, and the oil leakage is caused by the aging of the gasket.

Second, the best way to treat leakage — — Change!

　　The function of the gasket is to prevent oil from leaking from the engine.Once leakage occurs, replacing the gasket is the only way out.

　　In fact, the replacement of the valve cover gasket is not complicated. Just remove a few screws to remove the valve cover, and then replace it with a new gasket. Without saying much, we will go directly to the link of replacing the valve cover gasket.

　　The engine room structure of this Buick Excelle is relatively simple, so this repair is not difficult. Although the maintenance method cannot cover all models, you can probably understand the structure of the valve cover and gasket through the disassembly and assembly of this engine, and finally choose whether to replace it yourself according to the actual situation.

1. Pay attention to check whether there are other oil leakage points during disassembly.

　　The fixing screws of the valve cover cannot be seen from the outside. You need to remove the dust cover of the engine first, and then remove the dust cover screw.

　　The leaked engine oil will affect the life and friction of the belt, so we can also replace the camshaft oil seal after we remove the valve cover. Fortunately, the back of the gear is very clean, and it can basically be concluded that the camshaft oil seal is intact.

　　The maintenance of the timing mechanism is very important for the engine.The operation of engine is closely related to the correct valve timing. Timing misalignment may cause the engine to fail to start;When the timing belt breaks, it is likely to cause the valve to bend; If it breaks during driving, the top of the piston may be punctured.

　　(Now that we’re here, let’s take a short break. Let’s briefly talk about the principle of crankcase ventilation.)

　　The high temperature of the engine will make the engine oil in the crankcase generate steam, and at the same time, some exhaust gas after gasoline combustion will also jump into the crankcase, resulting in excessive pressure in the engine. When the pressure is too high, the circulation of engine oil will be hindered, which will affect the lubrication of components, and at the same time, high pressure will increase the possibility of oil leakage at the sealing parts.

　　So,It has become a necessary subject to discharge oil vapor in time.

　　At present, all engines adopt crankcase forced ventilation. Different from natural ventilation, forced ventilation will make the steam in the crankcase return to the intake port and the combustion chamber for secondary combustion, thus avoiding air pollution and improving the economy and reliability of the engine.

　　This is mainlyIn order to keep the pressure in the crankcase consistent under different working conditions.And designed.

　　What if the ventilation pipe is only arranged in front or behind the throttle valve?

　　At low speed and small load, the crankcase gas may not be pumped out; However, if it is arranged behind the throttle, it may form excessive vacuum under low speed and small load, which may lead to the generation of burning oil.

　　In fact, the oil entering the spark plug hole will not have much influence on the ignition system. Unlike water, oil has certain insulation, and the ignition coil is not subject to leakage.

　

On November 13th, a golden monkey climbed a tree in Chaoyanggou Scenic Area, Huangguan Town, ningshan county.In recent years, the population of wild golden monkey in Qinling Mountain, which lives in Chaoyanggou Scenic Area, Huangguan Town, ningshan county City, Shaanxi Province, has grown steadily after continuous reproduction and careful care by people. In 2016, more than 10 young monkeys were added. At present, the monkey group has expanded to 11 families, with more than 100 golden monkeys. Qinling golden monkey is a national first-class protected animal, distributed in Zhouzhi, Taibai, Ningshan, Foping, Yangxian and other places in the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province.Xinhua News Agency reporter Shao Ruishe

On November 13th, in Chaoyanggou Scenic Spot, Huangguan Town, ningshan county, golden monkeys ate bark.Xinhua News Agency reporter Shao Ruishe

On November 13th, in Chaoyanggou Scenic Spot, Huangguan Town, ningshan county, golden monkeys ate bark.Xinhua News Agency reporter Shao Ruishe

On November 13th, in Chaoyanggou Scenic Spot, Huangguan Town, ningshan county, the golden monkey took a nap in the treetops.Xinhua News Agency reporter Shao Ruishe

In the past, many netizens especially wanted to buy a small off-road vehicle like Suzuki, which was convenient for parking, and the overall cost was low, but most users did not buy it, because since Suzuki withdrew from the China automobile market, the price of imported Jimny once exceeded 300,000 yuan, which was basically not cost-effective.

Due to the continuous efforts of our own brands, we can also have our own "Jimny". Can you believe that you can buy a small off-road vehicle with two doors and four seats for just over 70,000 yuan? It even takes more than 80 thousand to land, but it smells much better than Jimny.

The new car introduced today was just launched in April this year. We can get the answer from the naming method, and the new car does have off-road capability.

The price is quite close to the people, and the manufacturer’s guide price of Baojun Yueye is 7.98-9.08 million yuan. In fact, the terminal still has a preferential margin of 2,000 yuan. Since there is no need to pay the purchase tax, it can basically land in the early 80,000 s after the discount, which is really very affordable. Moreover, this is a pure electric vehicle, and the maintenance cost in the later period is particularly low.

As for the power system, I think it is equally remarkable. The new car has a pure electric cruising range of more than 300km under CLTC condition, with a long cruising range, fast charging and slow charging as standard, and a torque of 140N·m, and its power performance is strong enough. It is worth mentioning that the new car is adopted, which is not easy to spontaneously ignite and has good safety performance.

Appearance modeling is the biggest feature of this Baojunyue, and it adopts a small and full of cross-country genes. From the front face, the matrix-style, gray-black bumper, coupled with the square front design, is very similar to Jimny.

Viewed from the side, the door is opened by one side, and the original pedals, roof racks and blackened wheels are all available. However, because this is a pure electric vehicle, the center of gravity is low, and the minimum ground clearance reaches the height of a standard SUV, which is 150 mm.

Although this Baojunyue doesn’t have a spare tire, it’s a good thing that the manufacturer matched the on-board toolbox and made it look like a spare tire, which has good fun. This is actually a camping style deliberately created by the manufacturer, and its off-road ability is quite general. After all, this is only a new energy vehicle with an all-McPherson independent suspension, and it is also a load-bearing body. There is a saying, after actual driving, it is found that although the new car is not strong in off-road ability, it is really no problem to cope with the general suburban road conditions.

The interior design is exquisite, and it also has certain scientific and technological attributes. The car is matched with a double-screen design that runs through the style, and the screen size reaches 10.25. It also comes with an intelligent car system, remote control and voice recognition. In order to save space, electronic knob shifting and integrated sports seats are also adopted, which has a good sense of space. The new car comes standard with four seats.

From the configuration point of view, it is indeed a bit outrageous. The middle and high models are equipped with L2-level intelligent assisted driving system, which can realize adaptive cruise. In addition, it also has a system, coupled with the assistance of panoramic images, even Xiaobai who just got a driver’s license can easily get started.

Generally speaking, this is a very cheap small off-road vehicle, which is suitable for both walking and driving. At present, the sales volume of this new car is gradually rising, which shows that the aesthetics of car selection of users in China is slowly changing.

I’ll arrange it for you by the way today. Let’s look down with Xiaobian.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Hyun Jie Pro first. The front of Hyun Jie Pro looks very simple and very recognizable. Coupled with the avant-garde headlights, the visual impact is full. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4400MM*1831MM*1653MM, the car uses round and lovely lines, the car side looks very delicate, with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In terms of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end of Xuanjie Pro echoes the front face, and the taillights show a dynamic design style. Together with the unique exhaust pipe, the overall look is very simple.

When I came to the car, the interior modeling took a round and lovely route, which easily touched the hearts of young consumers. The steering wheel of the car is very in line with the interior style, made of leather, and the visual effect is good. Take a look at the central control, which is decorated with a 10.25-inch central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks very solid. Finally, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a fashionable dashboard and looks strong in technology. The car adopts imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick, and have good support and comfort.

Xuanjie Pro is matched with CVT gearbox, with maximum power of 115KW and maximum torque of 230N.m, and its power performance is good.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), support for CarLife and other configurations, and the configuration has reached the mainstream level of the same level.

Do you have the urge to buy a car after reading the whole article? Let me make a summary. I wonder if you are excited about this car introduced today?

Topic: Israeli bombing of Gaza Strip.

　　Xinhua News: On January 6th, the Israeli Jerusalem Post published an article entitled "Gaza will not become Stalingrad", which is summarized as follows.

　　On January 7, an Israeli woman and her child who came to visit her husband on duty at the border lay prone on the ground to avoid the attack of Palestinian rockets at Aza Farm in Caffard, near the northern Gaza Strip. Xinhua News Agency/Reuters

　　Hamas is trying to attract the IDF into the city of Gaza, while the IDF is trying to lure Hamas fighters into the open areas outside the city. Nevertheless, the Israeli army now has time to decide the location and target of the attack. It depends on what kind of lure the Israeli army decides to use or not.

　　The question is how long the Israeli army can stay in the current static defensive position. This situation gave Hamas the initiative to seduce the Israeli army. Once the Israeli army takes the initiative and launches an attack, it will force Hamas to adjust its forces accordingly. The longer Israeli troops wait outside the city, the stronger Hamas’s ability to decide to fight.

　　Hamas lured Israeli troops into the city in several ways. One is the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers, which led to the rescue of Israeli troops. Sniper fire is another way to lure, because the Israeli army must take out the fire source. At present, snipers in Hamas are being destroyed by Israeli missiles and helicopter fire. But once snipers shoot from civil buildings in the city, this method will become difficult to deal with.

　　Hamas will eventually fire mortars from its stronghold at the Israeli military camp outside the city, and the Israeli army will then fire at the sniper or mortar fire source. Tanks, artillery or helicopters outside the city will be ideal weapons. In short, either side tries to "influence" the other’s actions, so as to achieve the purpose of fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses.

　　On January 7th, after the Israeli army launched an air raid, smoke rose from the Gaza. Since December 27th last year, Israeli military operations have been launched against the Gaza Strip, and since January 3rd this year, more than 600 Palestinians have been killed and more than 2,700 injured. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Nasser)

　　Advancing to the stronghold of Hamas will mean a deadly urban war, which is mainly a street fight familiar to Hamas’s 20,000 armed men. Hamas has planted explosives at the entrances of various passages and buildings, thus laying traps in the streets of Gaza.

　　In a densely populated city like Gaza, snipers can shoot from many hiding places; Suicide bombers can come from anywhere. The Israeli army can do nothing about it, but shoot at any moving target.

　　If the Israeli army wants to perform "root canal filling surgery" on the terrorist infrastructure in Hamas, it must enter the city and occupy the core part of Hamas’s military organization. The Israeli army thinks it is very likely to hit Hamas militants hard in the city, because in the past two years, the Israeli army’s training subjects have included testing combat skills in simulated and actual combat situations, while Hamas militants have not faced tenacious ground confrontation in recent years.

　　Even if Hamas has militants with excellent fighting skills in the city, the Israeli army can make use of more effective fighting forces. Technically speaking, the Israeli army wants to invade Hamas’s territory, not occupy Gaza, so its military action is offensive attack, while Hamas is defensive. Since the goal is not to control the population of Gaza or occupy the urban area, the Israeli army can boldly enter and then retreat to the staging area.

　　This is different from the battle of Stalingrad in World War II. At that time, all parties tried to seize and occupy the area. The occupying forces need to guard the fortress, and guerrilla fighters can attack the fortress in various ways.

　　On the afternoon of January 7th, an Israeli helicopter gunship opened fire on the central part of the Gaza Strip. At about 4 pm that day, the Israeli army ended the three-hour ceasefire announced that day on time and resumed air strikes and shelling in the Gaza Strip. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Bogu photo

　　There are two kinds of urban warfare, one is army against army, and the other is guerrilla warfare. For the former, anything can happen, including the use of artillery to bomb buildings, a large number of armored vehicles and indiscriminate aircraft bombing.

　　An example of this is the Battle of Stalingrad. Gaza will not become Stalingrad. In Gaza, Israeli armored forces are vulnerable to anti-tank rockets in narrow streets and passages, which is likely to make slow-moving armored vehicles lose their combat effectiveness.

　　The training of Israeli troops in Gaza is to suppress the fire source first, and then treat the wounded, so as not to expose more soldiers to the death zone caused by the first wave of fire. In Gaza, the Israeli army will mainly use infantry without armored support. Before occupying the building, the soldiers will clear the obstacles with bombs. The main purpose is to minimize the number of infantry exposed to the streets. The Israeli army will try its best to kill the enemy from the outside-with the overwhelming firepower of tanks and helicopters.

　　On the afternoon of January 7th, an Israeli tank was driving in the central border area of Gaza Strip. At about 4 pm that day, the Israeli army ended the three-hour ceasefire announced that day on time and resumed air strikes and shelling in the Gaza Strip. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yin Bogu photo

　　Once troops enter dense urban areas to perform their tasks, they will be in an extremely sensitive environment, which requires careful command and control ability and unique combat skills. They will move slowly, but they must move very quickly and actively. Both sides will strive to cause the greatest casualties to each other.

　　The problem with urban warfare is that all the technical advantages of the Israeli army will become worthless to a large extent. The battle will turn into close combat. On the streets of Gaza, Israeli troops are easily attacked by the enemy, because they can’t find the target clearly in time. As the role of technology is weakened, training and skills are particularly important. Effective urban guerrilla warfare boils down to street activities under the cover of firepower fired from several different positions, and the Israeli army has been intensively trained in this respect.

　　In urban warfare, command and control are very important, and the training of the Israeli army in the past two years has also attached great importance to this point. In urban areas, commanders cannot always see the troops under their command. Every deployment must be carefully coordinated to avoid our own fire. This is also an important issue in urban warfare.

　　On January 7th, smoke billowed after the attack in Gaza. Since December 27th last year, Israeli military operations have been launched against the Gaza Strip, and since January 3rd this year, more than 600 Palestinians have been killed and more than 2,700 injured. Xinhua news agency

Editor: Peng Wei