Wu Yang, Associate Dean and Associate Professor, School of Chinese Studies, Renmin University of China. His research interests include China’s classical philology, China’s ancient literature, China’s ancient academic history and pre-Qin and Han literature. His monographs include The Origin and Research of Zhu Xi’s Thoughts on the Book of Songs, and the Interpretation of the Essence of the View of Ancient Chinese Literature, and he has published many papers.

　　Wushu, a traditional sport in China, is also called "martial arts", "martial arts", "martial arts play" and "martial arts" in China’s historical documents. It was also called "national art" in the Republic of China, and it is used to be called "Kung Fu" in southeast China. It includes kicking and wrestling, equipment attack and defense, and related medical maintenance knowledge and practice. It not only pays attention to physical exercise, but also pays attention to spiritual cultivation.

　　In this lecture, we mainly introduce the historical spread of Wushu from the aspects of words and documents.

　　There are seven virtues in martial arts

　　Wushu originated from military war, and in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, there was already the word "martial arts", the glyph of which was "going up and down".

　　The word "Wu" changed from "Zhi" to "Ge" and "Zhi" was the pictograph of human feet, and "Ge" was the most common weapon at that time. Mr. Yu Shengwu, an ancient philologist, pointed out that the original meaning of the word "Wu" was conquest and demonstration. The conqueror must have a line, and if he stops, he will show it; The conqueror must use weapons, and Ge is also a weapon. "

　　Picture of Book Shadow of Ji Xiao Xin Shu

　　The expression of "martial arts" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s military conquest and demonstration was quickly endowed with the connotation of "morality" after entering the Western Zhou Dynasty, which became an important content of the ritual and music system in the Zhou Dynasty and lasted for thousands of years, becoming the core content of China’s military thought and Chinese martial arts thought.

　　According to Zuo Zhuan, in 597 BC, Jin Chu launched the Battle of Tai, and the Chu army won. Chu Zhuangwang didn’t get carried away by it after the war. He interpreted the meaning of "martial arts" as "stopping the war", that is, being able to stop the war is the real "martial arts". This concept can be said to have absorbed the contents preached by the poems praising Zhou Wuwang’s martial arts to pacify the world and restore peace in The Book of Songs, and also inherited the concepts of "knowing morality and being cautious in punishment" and "righteous punishment and righteous killing" in Shangshu, and influenced the concepts of "no punishment in prison", "killing to stop killing" and "fighting to stop fighting" in later generations, thus starting the road of shaping the spiritual quality of the Chinese nation, which loves peace and dares to defend justice. In addition, Chu Zhuangwang also put forward the concept of "martial arts have seven virtues", namely, "forbidding violence", "suppressing soldiers", "ensuring greatness", "securing people", "harmony" and "enriching wealth". If we extend it a little, then what Chu Zhuangwang said is "the seven virtues of martial arts"It can be further understood as stopping violence, eliminating war, implementing moral policies, inheriting achievements, stabilizing people, uniting friends and filling wealth. These contents are also based on the theme conveyed by the poems praising the achievements of Zhou Wenwang and King Wu of Zhou in the Book of Songs. More than 2,600 years ago, our ancestors had such a political ideal, and then repeatedly stressed that this ideal was institutionalized as the posthumous title of emperors to remind and warn future rulers — — It is recorded in Yi Zhou Shu Xie Fa that the content of martial arts represented by posthumous title is "being rigid and rational", "being strong and virtuous", "overcoming disasters" and "being ambitious and poor". The first four emphasize martial arts, but also insist on justice, loyalty and forgiveness, virtue and law, and the last one. The "Seven Virtues of Martial Arts" put forward by Chu Zhuangwang not only contains the peaceful ideal of compassion and destiny, but also has the political idea of pursuing moral politics, emphasizing the practical significance of living and working in peace and increasing wealth, which is a three-dimensional "martial arts".Since then, the concept has been established, passed down from generation to generation and continuously enriched, becoming the moral core of Chinese Wushu.

　　Photographs of Qi Jiguang commemorative stamps issued in 2008

　　all-inclusive

　　If "Wushu Morality" is the spiritual core of China Wushu’s historical inheritance, then the source and motive force of China Wushu’s endless development are "inclusiveness" and "seeking truth and being pragmatic".

　　In the anti-Japanese war on the southeast coast of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty dispatched Zhuang "wolf soldiers" from Guangxi to participate in the anti-Japanese war. One of the "wolf soldiers" was led by the wife of Tian Zhou local official Cenmeng, and achieved brilliant results. The "wolf soldiers" led by Mrs. Walsh have the so-called "Cen Jia Bing Law" and are good at fighting in small teams. Li Jiyuan, an associate professor at the School of Physical Education and Health of Hangzhou Normal University, believes that Qi Jiguang’s "Yuanyang Array", which played a decisive role in the war against Japan, may have learned from the "Cen Jiabing Law" that year. Mrs. WATSE was good at using double knives, and taught them to Xiang Yuanchi, who in turn taught them to Wu Xun. Wu Xun wrote "Song of Double Knives" in his martial art masterpiece "Record of Arms" to record the incident. He also incorporated the swordsmanship he learned from the old man in Yuyang, Hebei Province into WATSE’s double knives, and further evolved WATSE’s double knives into marksmanship. It is Wu Hao’s study and transformation that makes the martial arts of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi and Central Plains communicate and merge with each other, forming new martial arts moves and technical concepts.

　　In addition, according to the research of Ma Mingda, a professor at the Institute of Chinese-foreign Relations of Jinan University, in the article "An Examination of the Exchange of Sword and Knife Skills between China, Japan and Korea in History", Qi Jiguang found that the Japanese swordsmanship was fierce in the war against Japan, so he reformed the Japanese swordsmanship and wrote "Xinyou Knife Method" to coach his soldiers against the enemy. Later, both Cheng Zongyou and Wu Xun studied Japanese knife techniques and recorded their experiences in their respective works. This kind of two-handed knife method has been circulating in China. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, one school was passed on to Ma Fengtu by Huang Linbiao of Hebei Province. Ma Fengtu once adapted this knife method into "Eight Knives to Break the Front" and promoted it as a broadsword teaching material for soldiers at that time. The other school was passed on to Liu Yuchun and others by the Xie Deheng brothers of Wuqiao. In 1928, the "Central Martial Arts Museum" was established. Ma Yingtu, a descendant of Ma Fengtu, and Guo Changsheng, a descendant of Liu Yuchun, integrated their respective teachings and called them "Ertang Miaodao". Today’s so-called "Miao Dao" comes from here.

　　In addition, Professor Ma Mingda pointed out in the article "A Collection of Anecdotes about Baba in Yanshan Mountain" that the traditional martial arts system in northwest China, which is mainly based on the apocalypse stick and eight-door boxing, probably originated from a Hui folk martial artist named Chang Yanshan. Ma Mingda pointed out: "When he taught martial arts, he broke down national barriers and paid attention to coordinating the relationship between boxers of different nationalities from the beginning, thus laying a good foundation for harmonious coexistence in the future." This is of similar positive significance to the historical story that Mrs. Wasser participated in the anti-Japanese war and taught the double-knife method. In history, China Wushu is all-inclusive, which is beneficial to learn from each other’s strong points and make innovations in its own development.

　　The reason why China Wushu can be "inclusive" is inseparable from its consistent pursuit of "seeking truth and being pragmatic". The reason why Washberg’s Double Knife, Cenjiabing and even Japanese Knife can be used for reference by ancient martial artists is that they have all been proved to be effective martial arts skills after practice. It can be said that "inclusiveness" itself is also a manifestation of "seeking truth and being pragmatic".

　　Students from Shaolin Tagou Martial Arts School in Songshan, Henan Province are attending classes. Xinhua news agency

　　Among the "seven virtues of martial arts" mentioned before, "forbidding violence", "suppressing soldiers", "reassuring the people" and "enriching wealth" are also quite pragmatic virtues. The ancients also enriched these viewpoints in the practice of Wushu teaching. When talking about archery, Wei Wendi Cao Pi once said that shooting with a good target is far less than shooting with hunting. He compared the sword with General Deng Zhan, and won four times. Then he said to Deng Zhan, "May General Deng give up his old tricks and get more important points", which shows Cao Pi’s characteristics of emphasizing practice and seeking truth and being pragmatic in martial arts. Qi Jiguang resolutely put an end to any unpractical martial arts moves because of the requirements of the military war. In his New Book of Ji Xiao, he clearly stated: "Anyone who tries martial arts must learn the real enemy’s skills as shown, so that he can really fight the fighter. He is not allowed to still learn the methods such as fireworks, and he is only trying to look good in front of others." Mr. Tang Hao, a sports historian, also said in "Introduction to Neijia Boxing": "The ancient boxers confused the world with flowers and tricks, and they had already spoken generously about it 300 years ago in Qinantang." It can be seen that "seeking truth and being pragmatic" has always been an important pursuit of China Wushu. Although "flower guns" and "flower tricks" have emerged one after another in history,However, Jianghu deception can never block the eyes of real martial artists and scholars.

　　Wushu is aimed at fighting, so it must have the function of confrontation, and only in confrontation can it show the greatest charm of Wushu. Looking around the world today, boxing, Muay Thai, Taekwondo, karate, judo, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, mixed fighting, etc., all have scientific training methods, reasonable rank standards and fair competition, and therefore have become widely popular sports in the world. While China Wushu has a long history and many schools, how can we construct a set of standards that can be recognized by everyone? Historically, martial artists in China have never given up the antagonism and practicality of martial arts. If we can continue to adhere to the principle of "inclusiveness" and "seeking truth and being pragmatic", further absorb the expertise of other martial arts in the world in techniques and rules, integrate our own traditions and characteristics, inherit the spiritual connotation of China Wushu, and truly maintain the fighting essence of China Wushu, China Wushu will be able to stride forward on its own road.

　　On May 19th, students from the Third Experimental Primary School in Luannan County, Hebei Province practiced martial arts on the playground. Xinhua news agency

　　be accomplished with both the pen and the sword

　　Hong Mai, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, once pointed out: "Three generations go up, regardless of civil and military. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the generals of the countries are all appointed, and they are in power, and they will be soldiers when they leave. " According to the pre-Qin literature, this is good. It is recorded in Zhou Li that the official of Bao was responsible for educating the aristocratic children at that time, and the important educational content was six arts, namely, ceremony, music, shooting, controlling, writing and counting. The "ceremony" and "music" in the six arts are etiquette norms; "Book" and "number" are cultural knowledge; "Shooting" and "controlling" are military talents, that is, "archery" and "driving a carriage". The concept and practice of ancient people’s early combination of civil and military skills shown in Zhou Li is vividly exemplified in Zuo Zhuan. For example, before the Battle of Tai in Jin Chu in Twelve Years of Zuo Zhuan Xuangong (597 BC),Chu sent a chariot to challenge the Jin army. This carriage is driven by Xu Bo, LeBo is in charge of long-range shooting for the left side of the carriage, and Uncle She is in charge of melee for the right side of the carriage. They drove the carriage to the front of the camp of the Jin army, and after fighting with the Jin army, they turned the carriage and returned to their camp. At this time, the Jin army sent three chariots to chase after him. Lebo used superb archery to shoot back about two chariots of the Jin army, only to find that there was only one arrow left, and there was a chariot of Bao Gui of the State of Jin chasing behind him. At this moment, a wild deer suddenly appeared, so Lebo shot the wild deer with the last arrow, and then Xu Bo stopped the carriage and presented the dead deer to Bao Gui, who came after him, and said, "Although the season has not arrived, we only have this deer as a gift, hoping to give it to your men." Bao Gui saw this situation, and his opponent said, "Their left driver is a marksman who knows archery, and their right driver is good at rhetoric. They are all gentlemen." So Bao Gui stopped chasing and let the Chu people leave.

　　This story recorded in Zuo Zhuan is a typical "gentleman-style" combat mode in the Spring and Autumn Period. As challengers, Xu Bo, Le Bo, and Shu She are loyal to their duties. In ancient times, shooting and hunting, "shooting from the left fat, reaching the right fat, means killing up", that is, from the left lower abdomen to the right shoulder, an arrow goes through the heart. This way not only relieves the pain of the prey, but also ensures the cleanliness of the prey, which is killing up. There are also so-called "three don’t sacrifice" in ancient hunting, that is, "no sacrifice for face injuries, no sacrifice for feathers, and no sacrifice for birds". Both "face injuries" and "feathers" are head-on shots at prey, which are suspected of "killing young birds". Lebo’s "shooting elk and beautiful turtle" not only shows his superb archery, but also shows that he abides by the law. It’s desperate to offer a deer, but he is humble, familiar with the season, courteous and leisurely. Bao Gui’s abandonment of pursuit is precisely based on the respect of the people of that time for the "gentleman".

　　For example, when the ancients described a person as having excellent driving skills, they would say that he was "like a group, two like dancing", "like a piano" and "like a piano", describing a person as having excellent archery skills.

　　"The Book of Rites Shoots Righteousness" says, "Therefore, if you shoot, you must be polite when you advance and retreat, be upright inside and straight outside, and then hold a bow and arrow to examine the solid; Hold the bow and arrow to examine the solid, and then you can say that this can be a virtue. " This is to upgrade the skills of "martial arts" to the level of virtue and etiquette.

　　In Mencius, it is recorded that Mencius and his disciple Gong Sunchou discussed how to be "unmoved" (that is, brave and firm in will). Mencius cited three ways to cultivate courage: Bei Gong, Meng’s charity and Ceng Zi. It is speculated by later generations that Bei Gong Si is probably a warrior, and his way of cultivating courage lies in "striving for victory"; Meng Jishi may be a general, and his way of cultivating courage lies in "not being afraid"; Ceng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, inherited Confucius’ way of cultivating courage, that is, "keeping righteousness": if he feels unjust in his heart, he will shrink even in the face of a person who has no fighting capacity; If you feel that it is in line with justice, then "although there are thousands of people, I will go." Mencius thought that Bei Gong and Meng’s alms were not as good as Ceng Zi’s method. Then, Mencius put forward his own method, that is, "nurturing my noble spirit". This "noble spirit" is "supreme and just, and it is harmless to raise it directly, so it is stuffed between heaven and earth. It is also qi, which matches righteousness and Tao; Nothing, nothing. " Mencius’ "noble spirit" is produced from the heart by combining with "righteousness". If you are correct in your heart, sincere in your intentions, and consistent with righteousness, you will be fearless and invincible. Although Mencius discussed the issue of human will,However, with the help of warriors, generals and Confucian scholars, he discussed the external kung fu of "martial arts" and transformed it into the internal spiritual cultivation of "nourishing qi" and "righting the heart", which shaped the heroic and lofty spirit that the Chinese nation has always upheld and profoundly influenced the character of martial arts both inside and outside in the long history.

　　We can also see from Zuo Zhuan that Fu Cha, the king of Wu, invaded Lu, and the doctor of Lu recruited warriors to prepare for the night attack on the king of Wu, and Confucius’ disciples were among them. Qi invaded Lu, with Fan Chi, a young disciple of Confucius, as the right driver, while Ran Qiu led Zuo Shi and broke into Qi with a spear to win. Civil strife broke out in the country of Wei, and Confucius’ disciple Zilu, the savior, failed and died. Confucius disciples are famous for their kindness, learning etiquette and music, and being gentle, but there are still many people who don’t avoid the edge and sacrifice their lives for righteousness. Even though Mozi, who criticized Confucianism a lot later, advocated universal love and non-attack, twenty of his works, such as Preparing the City Gate, were concrete methods of guarding the city, and Mozi made a long journey from Qi to Chu to stop the public transport group from attacking the Song Dynasty. His chivalrous spirit and military talent showed the characteristics of "both civil and military" with the same effect as Confucianism. Although with the development of bureaucracy and official selection system, especially the maturity of imperial examinations, it has become a historical fact that civil and military skills are gradually divided, as an endless humanistic tradition from ancient times to the present, "having both civil and military skills" has not only become the ideal of Chinese people, but also shaped the special character of China Wushu to some extent.

　　Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, organized the compilation of the earliest kind of book "Huang Lan" in China, and one of the "Papers" preserved in his "Dian Lun" became a masterpiece in the history of literary criticism; In addition, he wrote more than 100 poems, among which Yan Ge Xing was once regarded as the earliest complete seven-character poem in China. In addition, Cao Pishan was good at riding and shooting, fencing and double halberd, and his discussion on the content of Wushu in "Self-narration" in Dian Lun became valuable historical materials for understanding the development of Wushu at that time.

　　Tang Shunzhi, a scholar in the eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, was a representative of the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties in Ming Dynasty, one of the eight gifted scholars in Jiajing. He was the official and the governor of the right capital, Jianghuai, who participated in the anti-Japanese war, and personally "pranced forward with a knife". His "Wu Bian" was included in "Sikuquanshu Subdivision Military Strategists" and once taught Qi Jiguang marksmanship. Due to the fierce suffering of the Japanese invaders in the Ming Dynasty, there was a trend of literati talking about military affairs and advocating martial arts in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Apart from Tang Shunzhi, there were Zheng Ruozeng, He Liangchen, Mao Yuanyi and others. Mr. Li Jiyuan introduced it in detail in the book "A Study on the History of Martial Arts in the Ming Dynasty", so I won’t go into details here.

　　Huang Baijia, the youngest son of Huang Zongxi, a famous scholar in the early Qing Dynasty. Huang Baijia passed on Huang Zongxi’s learning, supplemented his father’s Song and Yuan Learning Cases, became proficient in mathematics, and later entered the Ming History Museum, compiling Tian Wen Zhi and Li Zhi. Huang’s father and son played an important role in the academic history of the early Qing Dynasty. What is often overlooked is that the Epitaph of Wang Zhengnan written by Huang Zongxi and the Law of Neijia Boxing written by Huang Baijia are important historical materials about Neijia Boxing, which can also be said to be the origin of the internal and external division of boxing since the late Ming Dynasty, and Huang Baijia is one of the main descendants of Neijia Boxing. Mr. Ma Mingda once pointed out in the book "A Collection of Swords": "In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of discussing military science and advocating martial arts among northern and southern literati." In addition to Huang’s father and son, there were Wu Xun, Lu Shiyi and others in the south, and Fu Qingzhu, Yan Yuan and Li Wei in the north. Yan Yuan once said that "there is no way to be short of civil and military skills", which was different from that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

　　During the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, in the face of the invasion of western powers, Chinese people once again set off a wave of pursuing "both civil and military skills", especially in the face of western modern civilization. In order to get rid of superstitions and let China Wushu establish itself and embark on the road of scientific development, a group of scholars, represented by Mr. Tang Hao, a sports historian, began to study the history of China Wushu. Mr. Tang Hao collated martial arts literature, searched for historical truth and collected information on the spot, and wrote many monographs such as Tai Ji Chuan and Neijia Boxing, Neijia Boxing, Shaolin Wudang Examination, Shaolin Boxing Secret Textual Research, China Ancient Lost Sword Technique and so on. Liu Weitian, a friend of Tang Hao’s, said in his testimony in the "martial arts series" compiled by Tang Hao that Tang Hao’s works "take absurd, evil and mysterious fallacies about martial arts, or use them as a smoke screen to cover themselves ‘ Settle down and live ’ The wild words of the aspirants were once ‘ Liquidation ’ ; At the same time, it also left the previous generation behind ‘ Martial arts ’ Things in the world — — Make it exist reasonably, eliminate the unreasonable without pity, and discard it — — Make a new arrangement and evaluation. More importantly, the so-called ‘ Martial arts ’ What position and value should it occupy in the progress of human history, at present and even in the future society? After this is clear, we can get a correct,Only with scientific practical standards can we avoid blind efforts, and we can more closely prove the so-called ‘ Martial arts ’ The value is there. " Obviously, Mr. Tang Hao’s research on the history of martial arts is not just a historical study. He hopes that through this work, he will lay a solid foundation for the research and development of China’s martial arts, solve the problems of modernity, science and practice that plague China’s martial arts, and enable China’s martial arts to regain its vitality in modern society, so that the Chinese nation can stand among the nations of the world with strong spirit and physique with the help of martial arts.

　　Today, with the improvement of the new education system and educational concept, the popularization of sports and the renewal of life concept, the tradition and ideal of "having both civil and military skills" can be truly inherited and realized today, and more and more martial artists and martial arts practitioners have modern sports and scientific knowledge, and can inherit and develop the ancient martial arts practice methods and spiritual connotations; More and more scholars who have received systematic academic training are engaged in the research and practice of Wushu history, and the discipline construction of national traditional physical education in universities and research units is becoming more and more reasonable. We believe that China Wushu, as an outstanding cultural heritage with a long history of the Chinese nation, will establish a complete academic, practical and cultural system to further develop itself and let the world know more about China Wushu.

Original smile quietly Na Jie’s light and shadow notes

In 2021, the top of the drama circle will be Rulu.

In Xiao Shede, she is possessed by her mother’s taste and pokes the pain point of the current chick, making the audience hate her and feel bad for her.

Tian Yulan’s three-dimensional and plump, like Hua Fei in Empresses in the Palace, is obviously ruthless, but you can’t hate it; Just like Fan Shengmei in Ode to Joy, she worships money and vanity, but she makes you feel broken for her family of origin.

These characters, played by Rulu, make it difficult to draw a final conclusion with "good guys" and "bad guys".

Without the blessing of the diploma of "Chinese Opera" and "Chinese Opera", how can Rulu break the curse of "middle-aged actress" and refresh the audience’s understanding of her? I think it’s because she doesn’t have so many rules and regulations in her life, so much should and necessity. She has always lived freely and willfully.

01

Rulu was born in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and her parents are members of the army art troupe. She has been exposed to acting since she was a child.

Two or three years old, my mother was cooking in the kitchen when she heard Rulu crying loudly, "Mom, don’t leave me! Mom, don’t go! "

Mother rushed over with a spatula, and the little man laughed and said, "I’m acting!" "

At the age of 7, he premiered the essay "Who’s Wrong" and won the prize. At the age of 8, he starred in the TV series "The Pendant Queen", which was broadcast nationwide and became a famous child star in Henan.

It can be seen that Jiang Xin loves acting, and her parents not only let her act at ordinary times, but also find opportunities for her to stand on the stage and act seriously, which makes her constantly get positive feedback, and acting has gradually become one of her specialties.

At the age of 16, after graduating from Henan Art Vocational School, Rulu went to take an examination of Chinese opera. After three trials, he was shamed and decided to be a drifter in the north.

At first, her parents thought that she was temporarily hot-headed. After talking with her deeply, they learned that she was thoughtful. The husband and wife put down their worldly stability and accompanied their daughter to let her "have a warm place to rest when she was tired".

A minor child can choose his own life. Compared with those children who can’t fill in their own volunteers in the college entrance examination, Rulu is so lucky.

For parents, only by loving their children as they are can they truly respect but not interfere.

Children who are respected by their parents know that as long as they speak, they may win opportunities. The interaction with parents at a young age will become a template for getting along with others.

Therefore, Rulu dared to ask for what he wanted.

The Empresses in the Palace crew asked Rulu to audition for Cao Guiren, and she asked to audition for Hua Fei.

Director, "you are not suitable. “

Rulu, "How do you know I’m not suitable without trying?"

Director, "You are not bossy enough."

Rulu, "I haven’t played yet. How do you know I’m not domineering?"

Director Zheng Xiaolong reluctantly agreed.

"Zhen Xuan, this bitch!" As soon as the Rulu version of "Hua Fei" went online, Zheng Xiaolong, who had looked down at the actor’s information, stopped to watch her performance. Then, he pushed through the crowd and let Jiang Xin play Hua Fei, competing with powerful actors such as Sun Li, Ada Choi and Chen Jianbin.

She made a superb performance of Hua Fei, who winked at the king and bossed around in front of everyone in the harem. A roll of their eyes, and a line of "Bitch is melodramatic", make Huafei’s aura lose no female host Zhen Xuan.

There are even loyal fans in Empresses in the Palace who say that the plot will not be fragrant after Huafei leaves the production line.

02

The success of Hua Fei is inseparable from Rulu’s artistic re-processing.

After filming the first scene, the director called the actors together and said, You should learn from Rulu. Her lines were spoken, not recited.

On the night when Zhen Xuan was favored by the emperor, the scene of Hua Fei holding the door and looking at the moon was designed by Rulu according to the plot. She felt that this could better express Hua Fei’s infatuation and sadness.

Shoot the scene where Zhen Xuan was punished and kneeled, which led to premature birth of the dragon fetus. Rulu was in a particularly bad state after taking the medicine because of illness and fever. Memorizing lines was her strong point, but that day she forgot her lines from time to time and took many pictures before passing.

She was extremely disappointed with her performance: how could she let herself play such a good role? The more she thought about it, the more sad she became, and she ran to the door of the palace to cry. After crying, she asked the director to remake it.

Although the people watching the drama praised Rulu’s acting skills of "performing three emotional levels in one second", Rulu said that she could have performed better.

It is a habit that Rulu has developed since she was a child star to ponder the role carefully and try to present it perfectly, which also lays the foundation for her future direction.

Ni Meiling, the deputy director of China Children’s Art, who became attached to her because of the drama, said that in the past, when filming, everyone finished filming, some people played cards, others sang karaoke, and Rulu didn’t participate in any activities. He liked to stay in his room to prepare the drama and learn roles from his opponents.

Later, when Rulu first arrived in Beijing with no drama to shoot, Ni Meiling helped her set up the cast of Ma Huanghou with Bigfoot and played the role of Qiu Ju.

Because of her excellent acting skills, director Zhou Xiaowen urged her to play Mu Wanqing in Zhang Zhi’s Chinese version of Dragon.

When the passionate scene of Mu Wanqing and Duan Yu (Jimmy Lin) was photographed, Rulu, who was "mentally neat", couldn’t let go. Others can’t teach this kind of thing, so the director said to her, "You just treat him like a plate of meat, and you are a leopard."

Rulu suddenly realized, and soon entered the state.

At first, she didn’t want to take the role of Fan Shengmei in Ode to Joy, because she didn’t like vain girls like Fan Shengmei.

In the process of acting, she tried to make Fan Shengmei more vivid and lovely. For example, she changed Fan Shengmei’s famous brand in the original book to A-goods, which is more in line with her desperate desire to marry a rich man and her poor family.

God helps those who help themselves. Why can a wild actor who failed in Chinese opera come to this day and create such classic roles as Hua Fei, Fan Shengmei and Tian Yulan?

Thanks to Rulu’s "willfulness", she has no ideological barriers and no boundaries between acting and not acting.

Willfulness will bring freedom, and freedom will bring self-discipline. Only those who have experienced freedom know where they should be self-disciplined.

Rulu has found a career that she wants to engage in all her life since she was a child. Even if she failed in the drama and became fat in adolescence, her parents would not hold her back, but would lift her up and help her.

Compared with many writers around me, I like writing since I was a child, but because of parents’ opposition and family conditions, I didn’t start pursuing my dreams until I was able to support myself. Rulu took many detours and spent a lot of struggling energy in pursuing her dreams. And all that energy, she can use in acting.

In addition, if you do what you like, you will have enough internal drive to be strict with yourself.

03

For more than 20 years, Rulu’s biggest "stain" is probably that he didn’t learn to be versatile.

Regarding the hidden rules of the industry that she couldn’t understand, she said: "Remind these immoral people that you are ruining this circle and ruining this society."

She is serious about her feelings, and even if she breaks up, she protects each other.

Up to now, there is only one boyfriend that Rulu has admitted, and that is Ye Zuxin who plays Brother Ten in treading on thin ice.

In 2015, after they broke up, netizens cursed Ye Zuxin for cheating. Rulu spoke out for her ex-boyfriend because, "I don’t want everyone to misunderstand, because he is so nice, and I think this is an insult to him."

My understanding is that, for a girl like Rulu, in the process of getting along, there are emotions that will not be hidden, and the pustules that should be picked have already been picked. After breaking up, only gratitude is left, so I cherish the beauty that I have had, and it is difficult to be indifferent when I see my ex being attacked for no reason.

She will offend others for her friends.

A group of friends had a dinner party. Rulu’s good friend Fu Fengnan introduced a girl to her and said, "This is my girlfriend." Rulu looked at it and said, "This girl is not suitable for you. You two can’t make it." Not long after, the two really broke up.

After a while, Fu Fengnan took another girl to see Rulu. She said, "This girl is good." Nice girl later became Fu Fengnan’s wife.

Rulu said that because women look at women accurately and get along with each other for many years, they know what kind of people are more suitable for their friends. Fu Fengnan mentioned the past, saying that Rulu’s mouth was too poisonous, and he was overjoyed.

Being straight is also a kind of self-protection.

When filming Empresses in the Palace, Chen Jianbin said Rulu, "You look quite young when you don’t wear makeup. Why are you so old when you put on makeup?" Rulu blurted out, "To match you!"

I know Rulu’s straightness very well, because I am the same as her.

Some people think that people who speak straight are just brains and have low emotional intelligence. In fact, we just don’t want to complicate simple things, follow the purity of "don’t add entities if it is unnecessary", have a little willfulness of "I am like this, who do you love", and even "why should I consider you if you don’t consider my feelings".

More importantly, we know that whether people can establish deep emotions often lies not in emotional intelligence, but in sincerity.

04

Rulu’s obsession with acting is easy to understand.

Acting has been the source of her happiness for as long as I can remember. With the full support of her parents, she has no worries about her career choice. Because of her love, she can sink down to understand the character and polish her acting skills.

When she plays every role, she will live herself into the role itself. As for whether it is red or not, it is not in her consideration at all. This is not to say how great she is, but acting itself can bring her the happiness she wants.

After Mu Wanqing entered the audience’s field of vision, she didn’t publicize it, but continued to hide her strength and concentrate on taking on her favorite role, even if it was a small role, she took it seriously and rationalized her role. Eight years later, her villain Hua Fei made her famous again.

With the increasingly exquisite acting skills, actors can easily mobilize the emotions of the audience by looking at the characters they have created, which will bring a kind of self-confidence and achievement of "I can do it".

Besides, when playing a role, you don’t have to stick to reality at all, even bad is the need of the role. While living a different life to the fullest, you can reasonably release your repressed and unexposed side, and your heart will be more harmonious.

Therefore, for Jiang Xin, those acting experiences that others think are too hard are "children are not fish, and they know the joy of fish?"

Zheng Xiaolong commented on Rulu that "acting is explosive, and the more difficult it is, the better it is." I think it is probably because of the difficult drama that a person’s acting skills are highlighted.

People’s energy is limited, and they invest more in acting, but less in studying other people’s preferences. Going straight can save communication costs. In other words, in her mind, interpersonal relationships are not as important as acting.

I have to say a digression, people who are straight-tempered are more likely to make true friends, because those who are used to pretending to be a snake and wearing masks all day are hard to get close to them.

Han Hong commented on Rulu: You have offended many people and gained many people.

In this life, don’t live too prudently, but be willful and tell yourself: others are not that important, so there is no need to please others; You are not that important yourself, so don’t worry that you will influence others.

It is enough to be able to concentrate on what you like and get three or two confidants by the way.

Original title: "Rulu: I am a wayward person"

Read the original text

Text | Letter from Houchang Village by | Meiya

At the beginning of 2018, the country stopped fighting, and Tencent Music and Netease Cloud authorized each other’s music works, reaching more than 99% of their exclusive music works.For users, they finally don’t have to travel around to listen to a few favorite songs. For the platform, the era of relying on copyright to build a moat has quietly gone, and the music battle will continue. It’s time to tell some other stories.

Recently, many users have complained that Netease cloud and QQ music are becoming more and more difficult to use. When you want to hear a song in Netease cloud, you need toMy favorite music, recently played song list, creation song list, collection song list, collection album, and private FM.There are so many options to choose from.

After the final selection, let’s calm down and listen to the children’s songs. An icon will appear in the upper right corner, suggesting that you watch the live broadcast crazily. In the lower right corner, we sincerely invite you to listen with friends.

Click into the song comment area, there are not many hot comments related to the song itself, but there are many late-night story meetings. Every poet in the comment area can also see advertisements for treating acne by scribbling a few casually, and they are also madly implanted in the form of comments. I have turned over several songs in a row, and there are acne advertisements implanted. Perhaps the users in the comment area are still in adolescence.

The QQ music next door is not much better. In the newly joined plop community, users can choose topic groups to post news freely. The first few pages of the recommendation group are popular traffic stars. Unlike Netease Cloud Village, the fans’ support club in plop community has stronger attributes.

Comparing Netease Cloud Village with Plop Community, a double-column information flow mode with Little Red Book requires users to click on it actively, and the information transmitted on the home page is less, which has the advantage of being more concise. At the same time, users also have a stronger choice of content. The information flow in Plop Community is similar to brushing a circle of friends, and users can only brush it without thinking to see if they can brush some interesting content.

At present, the plop community has done quite badly in some details. Various label symbols have increased the threshold for reading information, and the messages posted by users are not even aligned at both ends. The uneven arrangement is a bit obsessive-compulsive, and the recently played music bar will also block the line of sight at the bottom of the page, forcing the rhythm of obsessive-compulsive in minutes.

Aside from the design problems, the plop community often brushes the dynamics that have nothing to do with music, and whoever is lovelorn, who is married and who is cold war again.From this point of view, QQ music is gradually moving closer to Netease Cloud.

Most users listen to songs just to listen to songs, and they don’t want to socialize while listening to songs, and they are even less interested in watching live broadcasts on music apps. Some users in Zhihu commented that Netease Cloud and QQ music are two pieces of shit that are constantly stinking, which makes people gradually adapt to such music apps and gradually forget what the pure music listening ecology is like.

Users who are tired of music apps with complicated functions will think, why can’t domestic music listening software be like spotify? Simple function, refreshing interface,Don’t engage in live social networking, honestly make products and earn some money from paying members, isn’t it good?

But business does not think so.

No matter how much Netease CEO Ding Lei talks about his ideal about music, it still can’t change the fact that starting a company is not about charity, but about making money. If you can make a grand narrative while making money, that’s good. If not, it’s still important to make money.

If you want to make money, you have to occupy more market share or increase the payment rate of users.

Tencent Music Q1′ s financial report shows that Tencent Music (QQ Music, Cool Dog Music, Cool Me Music) has a monthly activity of 657 million, up only 0.5% year-on-year and down 2% month-on-month. Netease Cloud announced the latest monthly activity of 165 million.The monthly number of online music in China is 710 million, which has almost been divided by Tencent Music and Netease Cloud.

The world is divided into two parts. Netease Cloud and QQ Music think the same thing.How to snatch users from each other and how to make every user contribute the greatest value.

How to rob users from each other? The simplest point is that if the other party has it, I will have it.

When you do live broadcast, there will be a group of anchors running to your place to live broadcast, and correspondingly there will be a group of people watching live broadcast, who will spend more time in your product, which I don’t want to see, so I will do it. You have supported a group of musicians, and if they are unfortunately popular, the traffic will tilt to you again, which is what I don’t want to see, so I will try my best to support musicians, and so will other actions.

After exchanging copyrights, it is difficult for both parties to rely on content to crush the other party, and it is necessary to start to differentiate. Now, it seems that both parties can’t tolerate each other’s specialities, so the music listening software is gradually becoming more and more complicated.

In addition, the platform should be just right. The 2020Q1 financial report shows that,Spotify, a foreign music streaming giant, has a monthly income of 286 million and 130 million paying users.This is a 45% payment rate, in contrast,Tencent Music’s subscription rate is only 6.5%.There is still a lot of room for improvement.

The simplest and most rude way to make more people pay to become subscription members is to make the experience of ordinary users listening to songs worse, including not listening to the songs they want to listen to, advertising bombing, inserting advertisements into music and so on.

Some time ago, QQ Music tried to insert advertisements while users were listening to songs. This is a test of Spotify mode. Spotify will insert audio promotion when non-member users listen to songs. However, Spotify’s rules are clear, and it will broadcast an advertisement for no more than 10 seconds every 15 minutes. If you choose to watch a movie advertisement for 60 seconds at a time, you can get an hour of listening to songs without advertisements.

Spotify has a large number of free music libraries, and users have been clearly informed of the advertising rules, so after weighing, users either choose to become paying users or accept advertisements every 15 minutes, and there is nothing particularly controversial.

The reason why QQ music commercials are embarrassing is that you didn’t provide me with quality services, full-screen advertising, live broadcast, social interaction, and APP are like telephone poles covered with small flyers.I’ve put up with this, and now you’re going to ruin my listening experience and force me to pay. Of course, users are unhappy.

The platform is also very innocent. The green diamond costs 15 yuan a month, and Spotify members pay 10 yuan a month. QQ music just randomly inserts advertisements, and Spotify will insert advertisements every 15 minutes when listening to songs. How can it be scolded?

This is a natural contradiction between the platform and users. Users should have a better experience, and the platform should pay for members, so that users can experience the inconvenience of non-members and tell them that membership will be better. But you can’t do it all at once, or users will think that your whole platform is rubbish, so you have to grasp the middle degree.

Compared with placing advertisements, which will obviously hurt users, adding some functional areas secretly is annoying, but not so annoying. It is very expensive for users to change their music listening software. It is very troublesome to change from Netease Cloud to QQ music, and all songs have to be collected and synchronized again.

Therefore, users can’t bear it, and they are too lazy to change places to listen to songs. This gives Netease Cloud and QQ music opportunities. They are eyeing original musicians, and the cost is not high. If it is on fire, the waist copyright will become the head copyright. Moreover, the influence of supporting original musicians on ordinary users is very subtle, and people will only feel vaguely that the quality of songs pushed by Japan is getting lower and lower, more and more new faces appear in the recommendation places, and they seem to know nothing about the music trend.

More original music can open the ceiling of music content. At one end of the platform, we signed up potential original singers, promised them how much exposure and how much play, and quietly added the songs of these singers to your daily tweet. You listened to two songs that you didn’t like so much, and the musicians were happy and the platform was happy.

Besides supporting musicians, it is also a good idea to be a community.It shifts the cost of linking users from the platform to the users themselves, and cultivates people’s habit of reading comments and making dynamic comments when listening to songs. If they happen to meet the same hobby in the community, users will be more sticky to the products.

And for people who just want to listen to music simply. Although joining the community function will greatly affect the conciseness of the page, as long as you are not blind, it is not much different from the previous experience of listening to songs, even if some of them offend users.Anyway, Netease Cloud and QQ music are becoming more and more similar. If you escape to another APP to listen to songs, you can’t escape the music community.

Therefore, doing things like community can make people who like it like it very much. People who don’t like it are annoying, but they are helpless. And these people who like community will have higher stickiness and stronger willingness to pay. The user value of these people is far higher than that of users who stay because of copyright.

For community products, the content is core competitiveness.In recent years, comments on Netease Cloud songs have become more and more sad in spring and autumn, and they are full of Osamu Dazai-style mourning words, which makes Netease Cloud get the nickname of "suppressing the cloud by the net". People are tired of seeing the words piled up with moans, and they hope that the comment area can return to focusing on the music itself. It is not an easy proposition for Netease Cloud to change the content tonality of the platform UGC.

The plop community of QQ music starts with rice circles, doing the business of fan economy, and by the way, see if we can build a community covering music, film and television, life and other fields.This entry point is quite good. Although fans used to list Aidou on Weibo, Post Bar and other platforms, from the attribute point of view, music APP+ fan gathering place is obviously more suitable, which can provide a refined channel for fans and reduce the cost of information transmission between users.

At present, the content form of plop community is not mature, and there is still a big gap between the community atmosphere and Netease cloud.However, from the recent actions of QQ Music and Netease Cloud, it is not difficult to see the determination of both parties to make efforts in the community.

It’s just that no matter who wins or loses, for ordinary users, an increasingly bloated music listening software has a high probability of escaping.

　　

　　　　On December 11th, Russian First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev participated in a live TV program in the capital Moscow. Medvedev said that if he wins the Russian presidential election in 2008, he will ask Putin to be the prime minister of the Russian government. Xinhua News Agency/Reuters

　　Russians are both happy and sorry.

　　　　The Russian media generally expressed optimism about Medvedev’s election prospects. The Russian Morning Post commented that it is a reasonable step for Putin to elect Medvedev. Russians are most familiar with this candidate, and he has made some achievements in developing the national plan in recent years and is very close to the people. The Morning Post also said that Medvedev is an acceptable candidate for Democrats. And in the eyes of the west, he is also acceptable. The west believes that it can continue to cooperate with Moscow at the most critical moment in the future. Another factor for Putin to choose him is that Medvedev is a literati, and he is well aware of the contradictions in Russian society, which is conducive to strengthening the unity of various social forces, especially with the radical forces of the Russian right. Russia’s "Daily Business Daily" reported on the 10th that experts said that Putin elected Medvedev as a candidate for the following main purposes: First, he is a well-known person. Second, he is someone that President Putin can trust. Third, he is the best candidate for Putin. Although Putin will leave the presidency in the future, he can continue to control the political situation of the country.

　　　　"Our (presidential) candidate will be recognized by most voters," said Gryzlov, chairman of the United Russia Party. "I hope our candidate can get wide support and win in the first round." "We will vote for Medvedev because we support Putin." Yana, who is in her 60 s, told reporters who interviewed her on the street.

　　　　Because Putin has identified Medvedev as his successor, this has also made some Russians’ desire to continue Putin’s re-election completely frustrated. Therefore, the issue of Putin’s official "birthright" in the future has also become the focus of Russian media attention on the 10th. Just a few days ago, the Kremlin denied the report that Putin would become the leader of the Russian-Belarusian alliance. Moscow Echo Radio previously quoted Belarusian government sources as saying that Putin will be the leader of the Russian-Belarusian alliance and Belarusian President Lukashenko will be the speaker. There are various versions of Putin’s future direction circulating in Russian political circles, such as "Prime Minister’s Statement" and "Duma Chairman’s Statement", but they are not clear. Gryzlov, chairman of the United Russia Party, said: "Putin is our national leader. No matter what he will do after the presidential election, he will still be the leader of our nation."

　　Putin weighed the results of many factors.

　　　　"As long as Putin publicly supports Medvedev, it is basically certain that the next Russian president will be Medvedev." Xia Yishan, a Russian expert at China Institute of International Studies, said in an interview with Global Times. Putin’s support rate in Russia is as high as over 70%. As long as he appoints a successor, the Russian people will generally support it. Xia Yishan said that unlike western society, Russia has its own unique social and cultural tradition, that is, they trust their leaders. From the Russian era to the Soviet era, and even to the present, this social tradition of Russians has not changed much. They believe that the correctness of national leaders’ thinking and line is extremely important to the development of the country. This kind of psychology is not imposed by anyone, but spontaneous and sincere. This is also extremely incomprehensible to westerners.

　　　　"Choosing Medvedev should be the result of Putin weighing all aspects." Xia Yishan said that Putin once said that his next president must be a strong president. Putin will not choose a weak president, he will not choose an old president, nor will he choose a transitional president. He chose a 42-year-old strong president. In addition, Medvedev is more proficient in internal affairs and economy. It is not ruled out that Putin has such a consideration. Using such a person who is neither from the military nor from the security department as president will help Russia deal with the West and ease the doubts of the West about Russian hardliners.

　　　　Putin’s choice of successor coincided with the tension between the West and Russia. "Putin’s foreign policy toward the West is determined by Russia’s national interests. Even if Medvedev comes to power, it will not change this policy. " Xia Yishan said that Russia’s foreign policy is not determined by anyone’s personal will, but by Russia’s national interests. Both Yeltsin and Putin tried to approach the west in the early days of their administration, but the weakening and restricting policies of the United States and other countries towards Russia have not changed. In terms of internal affairs, they continue to support Russian domestic opposition and urge Russia to take the western "democratic road"; On the diplomatic front, it continues to limit Russia’s influence in the former Soviet Union. Putin sees all this very clearly, and he has already abandoned his illusions about the West. Xia Yishan said that Medvedev will not fundamentally adjust Putin’s foreign policy, but will only work hard in the general direction set by Putin, that is, to make Russia an influential and powerful country with a voice in the international arena. (Special correspondent in Russia Song Ya Global Times reporter Xie Yubin Shi Hua Duan Congcong Wang Li Liu Zhi)

　　　　

Editor: Li Xiuwei

　　The panda baby "Little Gray" shot by netizens who was thrown with fruit.

　　Central media attention

　　After the photos were posted on the Internet, they were reprinted by the People’s Daily, CCTV News, State Forestry Administration and other official Weibo.

　　A phenomenon

　　Some tourists throw apples, pears and other fruits at the baby pandas because they can’t see the panda’s dynamics, and some even throw stones.

　　The security guard is helpless

　　Every time we catch tourists throwing indiscriminately, we can only criticize education. "Otherwise, what can we do?" People are not illegal, and we can’t enforce the law. "

　　A baby panda, who was sleeping soundly, was awakened by a sudden fig, turned around and showed his claws, showing an angry look at the tourists … … On December 8th, a scene happened in chengdu research base of giant panda Sun Delivery Room, which was recorded by Weibo netizen "Ghost Yulin". After continuous shooting’s photo was posted on the Internet, it was reprinted by People’s Daily, CCTV News, State Forestry Administration and other official Weibo, and quickly aroused the criticism of uncivilized behavior from netizens all over the country.

　　In response, the Panda Base will take measures such as strengthening security management to protect the safety of pandas. Yesterday afternoon, the reporter of Chengdu Business Daily saw in the sun delivery room where the incident occurred that some foreign tourists climbed and screamed in front of the viewing aisle from time to time, and the on-site security guards repeatedly warned that there was no result.

　　Netizens are angry.

　　Suggest that he be punished for volunteering for one month.

　　The baby panda born in August this year is less than 4 months old and is the smallest panda in the base at present. Because of its young age and gray color, it is nicknamed "Little Lime" and "Little Gray" by netizens, and its name is "Chengshi".

　　According to the photos exposed on the Internet, when it was smashed, the little gray was lying on the wooden frame of the sun delivery room and sleeping leisurely. A fig fell a few centimeters away from it. Gray gray looked up at the tourists, showed his claws and growled. Then, it climbed to the broken fig, smelled it, faced the tourists again, hunched its back, tightened its forelimbs and made an attack gesture.

　　"Little gray is angry!" "The contempt of the gray king" … … On December 11th, after the pictures were posted on the Internet, they were reprinted by People’s Daily, CCTV News and other Weibo, which caused a heated discussion among netizens. Some netizens made "expression packs" with angry photos of the little gray gray with words to express their dissatisfaction with the uncivilized behavior of the tourists. Many netizens have left messages suggesting that uncivilized actors "volunteer at the Panda Base for one month".

　　The ash was smashed and "alarmed" the State Forestry Administration. Weibo, the official of the State Forestry Administration, forwarded the relevant Weibo twice, calling on tourists to "strengthen the concept of civilized visits, civilized gardens and animal protection" and suggesting that "the garden should strengthen the propaganda and supervision of civilized visits and animal science popularization."

　　Speaking of the reasons for putting photos online at first, netizen "Ghost Yulin" said that as a panda fan, she went to the panda base every month to see pandas. She hoped to remind everyone through exposure, but she did not expect to attract such great attention.

　　Journalist visit

　　Foreign tourists keep coming, and there are still uncivilized behaviors.

　　Yesterday afternoon, the reporter went to the sun delivery room where small gray was kept in captivity. Maybe I was frightened a few days ago. Little gray curled up under a tree in the middle of the hillside, with his back to the tourists. The reporter noticed that the Sun Delivery Room takes a hillside as the panda activity place and is surrounded by a circle of plank roads for tourists to visit and take photos.

　　Although it is Monday, there are still many foreign tourists with accents from all over the country at the Panda Base. What separates tourists from pandas is a three-layer isolation belt: a row of wooden fences less than 1 meter high, a row of bushes half a meter wide and a deep ditch. In the evening, there were not many tourists in the Sun Delivery Room, but there was still a lively atmosphere: the panda moved and the tourists screamed and cheered; When the panda was not moving, several foreign tourists with backpacks whistled and clapped their hands to "lure" the panda to get up. There are also tourists who dip their bodies into the fence to take selfies, or carry children to the fence to walk around.

　　The security of the sun delivery room has been overwhelmed. A security guard said angrily after repeatedly failing to greet tourists that the security guard was fined because the uncivilized behavior of tourists was put on the Internet. The entire sun delivery room is equipped with three security guards, who patrol in circles every day, but still can’t stop the uncivilized behavior of tourists. The moon delivery room, which also houses baby pandas in captivity, faces the same problem. As the two most popular tourist attractions in the panda base, the Moon Delivery Room is crowded with people every day. The security guard told reporters that some tourists threw apples, pears and other fruits at the baby panda because they couldn’t see the panda walking, and some even threw stones.

　　Base reply

　　Increase the notice board, no littering, welcome to report.

　　Yesterday afternoon, chengdu research base of giant panda gave panda fans a reassurance: after inspection, Little Grey was not affected by this matter. Panda Base also replied that in response to some uncivilized behaviors of tourists, the base is taking effective measures such as increasing the number of "no throwing and throwing" notice boards, strengthening security management, strengthening three-dimensional coordination and defense, and strengthening civilized persuasion of tourists, and welcomes fans’ supervision, complaints and reports. The security guard said that for the key areas of panda baby activities, the patrol team will arrange special personnel to be on duty at designated points, and the rest will patrol in circles. But every time we catch a tourist throwing around, we can only criticize and educate him. "Otherwise, what can we do with him?" People are not illegal, and we can’t enforce the law. "

　　[Original by Aika Car Center]

　　Engine oil leakage is as hard to prevent as a person catching a cold, and it will inevitably appear after a certain mileage. Although the tiny leakage will not affect the normal driving, the dust entering the engine room will stick to the surface of the oil, forming greasy dirt over time, which will seriously hinder the heat dissipation of the engine.

　　Let’s not talk about what harm oil leakage will bring to the engine for the time being. It is enough to make people hate it. Take the "patient" who checked into the garage this time. Although this is a short-lived Excelle, judging from the oil leakage of the engine, you will not imagine that this is a quasi-new car with a mileage of less than 40000km.

First, how to judge oil leakage

　　Slight oil leakageYou can take no measures for the time being, butTo attract enough attention,Because the oil leakage point is the weakest part of the engine seal, the leakage will become more and more serious as time goes by.

　　When the vehicle is running, the wind flowing into the engine room will blow the leaked engine oil to all corners. This is the reason why oil sludge will stick to the parts without oil leakage.

　　During inspection, the leakage can be identified according to the wetting degree of the mimeograph.The wettest part of the mimeograph is the place where the oil leakage is the most serious.After external rough inspection, it can be locked that the oil leakage point is mainly concentrated in the valve cover, and the oil leakage is caused by the aging of the gasket.

Second, the best way to treat leakage — — Change!

　　The function of the gasket is to prevent oil from leaking from the engine.Once leakage occurs, replacing the gasket is the only way out.

　　In fact, the replacement of the valve cover gasket is not complicated. Just remove a few screws to remove the valve cover, and then replace it with a new gasket. Without saying much, we will go directly to the link of replacing the valve cover gasket.

　　The engine room structure of this Buick Excelle is relatively simple, so this repair is not difficult. Although the maintenance method cannot cover all models, you can probably understand the structure of the valve cover and gasket through the disassembly and assembly of this engine, and finally choose whether to replace it yourself according to the actual situation.

1. Pay attention to check whether there are other oil leakage points during disassembly.

　　The fixing screws of the valve cover cannot be seen from the outside. You need to remove the dust cover of the engine first, and then remove the dust cover screw.

　　The leaked engine oil will affect the life and friction of the belt, so we can also replace the camshaft oil seal after we remove the valve cover. Fortunately, the back of the gear is very clean, and it can basically be concluded that the camshaft oil seal is intact.

　　The maintenance of the timing mechanism is very important for the engine.The operation of engine is closely related to the correct valve timing. Timing misalignment may cause the engine to fail to start;When the timing belt breaks, it is likely to cause the valve to bend; If it breaks during driving, the top of the piston may be punctured.

　　(Now that we’re here, let’s take a short break. Let’s briefly talk about the principle of crankcase ventilation.)

　　The high temperature of the engine will make the engine oil in the crankcase generate steam, and at the same time, some exhaust gas after gasoline combustion will also jump into the crankcase, resulting in excessive pressure in the engine. When the pressure is too high, the circulation of engine oil will be hindered, which will affect the lubrication of components, and at the same time, high pressure will increase the possibility of oil leakage at the sealing parts.

　　So,It has become a necessary subject to discharge oil vapor in time.

　　At present, all engines adopt crankcase forced ventilation. Different from natural ventilation, forced ventilation will make the steam in the crankcase return to the intake port and the combustion chamber for secondary combustion, thus avoiding air pollution and improving the economy and reliability of the engine.

　　This is mainlyIn order to keep the pressure in the crankcase consistent under different working conditions.And designed.

　　What if the ventilation pipe is only arranged in front or behind the throttle valve?

　　At low speed and small load, the crankcase gas may not be pumped out; However, if it is arranged behind the throttle, it may form excessive vacuum under low speed and small load, which may lead to the generation of burning oil.

　　In fact, the oil entering the spark plug hole will not have much influence on the ignition system. Unlike water, oil has certain insulation, and the ignition coil is not subject to leakage.

　

In the past, many netizens especially wanted to buy a small off-road vehicle like Suzuki, which was convenient for parking, and the overall cost was low, but most users did not buy it, because since Suzuki withdrew from the China automobile market, the price of imported Jimny once exceeded 300,000 yuan, which was basically not cost-effective.

Due to the continuous efforts of our own brands, we can also have our own "Jimny". Can you believe that you can buy a small off-road vehicle with two doors and four seats for just over 70,000 yuan? It even takes more than 80 thousand to land, but it smells much better than Jimny.

The new car introduced today was just launched in April this year. We can get the answer from the naming method, and the new car does have off-road capability.

The price is quite close to the people, and the manufacturer’s guide price of Baojun Yueye is 7.98-9.08 million yuan. In fact, the terminal still has a preferential margin of 2,000 yuan. Since there is no need to pay the purchase tax, it can basically land in the early 80,000 s after the discount, which is really very affordable. Moreover, this is a pure electric vehicle, and the maintenance cost in the later period is particularly low.

As for the power system, I think it is equally remarkable. The new car has a pure electric cruising range of more than 300km under CLTC condition, with a long cruising range, fast charging and slow charging as standard, and a torque of 140N·m, and its power performance is strong enough. It is worth mentioning that the new car is adopted, which is not easy to spontaneously ignite and has good safety performance.

Appearance modeling is the biggest feature of this Baojunyue, and it adopts a small and full of cross-country genes. From the front face, the matrix-style, gray-black bumper, coupled with the square front design, is very similar to Jimny.

Viewed from the side, the door is opened by one side, and the original pedals, roof racks and blackened wheels are all available. However, because this is a pure electric vehicle, the center of gravity is low, and the minimum ground clearance reaches the height of a standard SUV, which is 150 mm.

Although this Baojunyue doesn’t have a spare tire, it’s a good thing that the manufacturer matched the on-board toolbox and made it look like a spare tire, which has good fun. This is actually a camping style deliberately created by the manufacturer, and its off-road ability is quite general. After all, this is only a new energy vehicle with an all-McPherson independent suspension, and it is also a load-bearing body. There is a saying, after actual driving, it is found that although the new car is not strong in off-road ability, it is really no problem to cope with the general suburban road conditions.

The interior design is exquisite, and it also has certain scientific and technological attributes. The car is matched with a double-screen design that runs through the style, and the screen size reaches 10.25. It also comes with an intelligent car system, remote control and voice recognition. In order to save space, electronic knob shifting and integrated sports seats are also adopted, which has a good sense of space. The new car comes standard with four seats.

From the configuration point of view, it is indeed a bit outrageous. The middle and high models are equipped with L2-level intelligent assisted driving system, which can realize adaptive cruise. In addition, it also has a system, coupled with the assistance of panoramic images, even Xiaobai who just got a driver’s license can easily get started.

Generally speaking, this is a very cheap small off-road vehicle, which is suitable for both walking and driving. At present, the sales volume of this new car is gradually rising, which shows that the aesthetics of car selection of users in China is slowly changing.

The competition in the automobile market is still very fierce. What Xiaobian brings today is. Next, let’s see if its highlights can attract you with Xiaobian.

Let’s look at the appearance of MG4 EV first. The front face of MG4 EV conforms to the aesthetics of consumers and looks very fashionable and simple. Combined with headlights, it is very visually impactful. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4287MM*1836MM*1516MM. The car adopts unique lines, which gives people a very simple feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite simple and fashionable. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the MG4 EV rear end echoes the front end, the taillights are very exquisite, and the overall layout is impressive.

Coming into the car, the front face of MG4 EV looks very full and full of fighting atmosphere. The car’s steering wheel is eye-catching, equipped with manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment and other functions, and the visual effect is good. From the central control point of view, the 12.3-inch central control screen is used for decoration, which makes the interior design quite layered, and the overall design of the central control is very good. The interior feels good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks simple and fashionable. The car uses imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick and very comfortable to ride.

The MG4 EV is equipped with a motor with a total power of 125KW and a total torque of 250N.m It has good acceleration, excellent cruising range and good power performance.

The MG4 EV is equipped with driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wiper, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), Bluetooth /WIFI connection and other configurations, which is worthy of praise.

After reading this car, I believe you also have a general understanding. This level of models can often take into account the cost performance and practicality, and is often considered by most consumers as the first choice when buying a car.

Today I bring you Mazda CX-30, which has many highlights. As for the outstanding performance of the car, please read it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Mazda CX-30. The design style of Mazda CX-30 has taken a simple route and looks very unique. At the same time, the headlight presents a cool design style and its shape is very eye-catching. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4395MM*1797MM*1545MM, the car adopts young and fashionable lines, and the side wall presents a deep design style, which is eye-catching with large-sized thick-walled tires. At the rear of the car, the rear of the car echoes the front face from a distance, and the taillights are very individual and make public. Overall, they are quite dignified.

In terms of interior, Mazda CX-30′ s interior adopts a capable shape, which makes people feel very round. The steering wheel of the car is eye-catching, made of genuine leather, and has a good grip. From the central control point of view, the central control screen with 8.8-inch ordinary LCD makes the interior style impressive and gives people a feeling full of deep elegance. Next, let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a domineering design style and looks strong in science and technology. The car uses leather seats, which are wide and thick, further improving the comfort of drivers and passengers.

Mazda CX-30 is matched with an automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 116KW and a maximum torque of 202N.m, and its power performance is good.

The car is equipped with car networking, remote control key, rear wiper, engine start and stop, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) and other configurations, which are rich in functions and greatly enhance its convenience of use.

Such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the cost performance is good. Interested riders might as well go offline and actually experience it.

　　[Dong Ming, special correspondent of Global Times in France] According to Reuters, on 15th local time, French President Macron met with hundreds of executives of multinational companies, including Musk, CEO of Tesla, and expressed the hope that they would increase their investment in France, promote the re-industrialization transformation of France based on green innovation and create more jobs.

　　The 6th "Choose France" Investment Summit was held in the Palace of Versailles, a suburb of Paris, on the 15th, which is a high-level economic activity that the French government has been promoting since 2018. According to the announcement issued by the French Presidential Palace, the summit was attended by more than 200 executives from multinational companies, attracting investment of 13 billion euros, and it is estimated that 8,000 jobs will be created.

　　Reuters said that this is the biggest harvest of the "Choose France" summit since its establishment six years ago. At the same time, for French President Macron, the "Choose France" summit is a good opportunity for him to regain the initiative through business reform, shift people’s attention to promoting green industries such as electric vehicles and low-carbon industries, and reverse his previous negative comments caused by the policy of raising the retirement age in France.

　　The French version of the Huffin Post commented that the French President met with senior executives such as Musk at the Elysee Palace, releasing a signal that France is pursuing a new industrialization policy, reducing labor costs and accelerating ecological transformation. On the same day, Macron met with Musk in the Elysee Palace alone, conveying the French government’s desire to lay out the electric vehicle industry. The two discussed France’s policy of attracting foreign investment and the future layout of France’s development in the fields of electric vehicles and energy. Macron wrote on Twitter: "We have a lot of things to do together."

　　At present, Tesla has only one factory in Germany in Europe, which can produce up to 500,000 electric vehicles every year. Tesla also said that since the US Inflation Reduction Act provides tax reduction subsidies for low-carbon enterprises, the focus of the company’s production will still be on the United States. Reuters said that in order to cope with the impact of the US policy on France, Macron said last week that it would provide cash rewards of up to 5,000 euros to buyers of electric vehicles produced in Europe that meet the low-carbon requirements.

　　Up to now, France has obtained 28 investment projects from American pharmaceutical company Pfizer, Swedish furniture company IKEA and other foreign companies. Macron announced on the 12th that Ouanno France will invest 1.5 billion euros with Xiamen Xiamen Tungsten New Energy Materials Co., Ltd. of China to set up a joint venture in the battery field in the northern French port city of Dunkirk, which is expected to create 1,700 jobs.