[2017 China Economic New Weather]
After the National People’s Congress put forward the "Blue Sky Defence War" this year, it immediately became a new word in the 2017 Government Work Report. What is the goal of "Blue Sky Defence War"? The "Government Work Report" pointed out: "This year, the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will drop by 3% respectively, and the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key areas will drop significantly."
How to defend the blue sky? The Government Work Report also gives a clear plan — — Scientific policy, treating both the symptoms and the root causes, and iron fist governance.
"Adhere to the rule of the whole people, prevent and control the source, continue to implement air pollution prevention and control actions, and win the blue sky defense war." The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China directly hit the pain points of people’s livelihood and declared war on air pollution.
2017 is the closing year of the first phase of the Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan ("Atmosphere Ten"). Now, as the year draws to a close, what are the results of the "blue sky defense war" in various places?
Hebei
Only by treating "illness" can innocence be turned blue.
In the air pollution control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Hebei undoubtedly bears the greatest pressure. Only by treating "illness" can innocence be turned blue. For Hebei, which is covered with smog every year, the industrial structure is biased towards chemicals, the energy structure is biased towards coal, and the transportation structure is biased towards roads, which are the root causes of serious air pollution.
To this end, Hebei insists on promoting structural adjustment as a fundamental solution: since 2013, the cumulative reduction of steel production capacity has exceeded 130 million tons, cement production capacity has reached 67.185 million tons, and flat glass production capacity has reached 64.06 million weight boxes; In view of the chronic pollution caused by "one coal dominates" in the energy structure, special actions such as upgrading ultra-low emission of coal-fired generating units, shutting down and banning solid clay brick tile kilns, and "pulling out chimneys" have been carried out successively, with a cumulative reduction of 44.68 million tons of coal in the past five years; In addition, the integrated management of "vehicles, oil and roads" was initiated, and 1.86 million yellow-label vehicles, old vehicles and compulsory scrapped motor vehicles were eliminated, and special coal line transportation into the province and oil and gas recovery management at gas stations were actively promoted.
In April this year, the inspector group of the Ministry of Environmental Protection found three "scattered and polluted" enterprises in Qingyuan District of Baoding City, and instructed the local authorities to rectify immediately. "These ‘ Scattered pollution ’ Enterprises have a limited role in local economic development, but they pollute the environment very badly. We decided to do it on the same day and immediately ban it. " Recalling the situation at that time, Wu Guoli, head of Suncun Township, said.
In fact, similar to "scattered pollution" enterprises, from January to October 2017, a total of 20,850 enterprises were rectified in Hebei Province.
Hebei province is also not soft in controlling large enterprises’ illegal and excessive sewage discharge. According to Yin Guangping, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Department of Hebei Province, in the four major industries of steel, cement, electricity and glass, Hebei has established emission lists for 563 "overhead sources" (commonly known as high chimneys), and implemented online monitoring for 1058 monitoring potentials, and completed 245 coking industry governance projects; At the same time, the special emission limits of air pollutants in the steel industry will be implemented, and the pollutant discharge permit system will be fully implemented in the steel industry, forcing excess capacity to withdraw according to laws and regulations.
Relevant data show that since the implementation of the air pollution control campaign in autumn and winter of 2017, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Hebei Province is 63 μ g/m3, which is lower than the annual average and 33% lower than that in the same period of 2016. The air quality has reached the best in the same period in the past five years. "We regard the prevention and control of air pollution as an important breakthrough in the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and as an important content to protect people’s livelihood and improve the ecological environment, and resolutely win ‘ Defending the Blue Sky ’ 。” Yin Guangping said firmly.
Linfen Shanxi
After the interview, the "strong man’s broken wrist" was impressive.
The air pollution incident of sulfur dioxide once pushed Linfen, Shanxi Province to the forefront.
After the winter of 2016, the air quality in Linfen City turned sharply. Especially on January 4, 2017, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in Linfen once soared to 1303 μ g/m3, which seriously exceeded the standard. The relevant person in charge of Linfen Municipal Government was interviewed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and was suspended from the EIA approval of the new air pollutant discharge project.
According to the notification of the Ministry of Environmental Protection at that time, there were more than 20 coking enterprises in Linfen, and some of them had abnormal operation of environmental protection facilities, or failed to upgrade their standards as required, or the unorganized emission control during coal loading, coke pushing and coke quenching was not in place, resulting in serious pollutants such as sulfur dioxide exceeding the standard.
Facing the severe environmental protection situation, Linfen, with the spirit of "a strong man breaks his wrist", focused on the implementation of "eight major pollution control projects" focusing on "deep treatment of industrial enterprises" and "treatment of coal-fired boilers", which opened the prelude to the tough battle for air pollution prevention and control.
Wanxinda Coking Co., Ltd., located in Xiangfen County, Linfen City, was named by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in that pollution incident because the concentration of volatile phenol, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in quenching wastewater exceeded the standard by 69 times, 8 times and 125 times respectively.
Wanxinda Coking Co., Ltd. learned from a painful experience, actively cooperated with the city’s environmental protection campaign, invested 60 million yuan to build three large-scale gas film coal storage sheds, effectively realized the dust control in coal yards, and completed the coking comprehensive wastewater treatment and reclaimed water recovery system, coke oven flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, yard closure and other projects before October 31, with a total investment of 380 million yuan.
"We require 24 coking enterprises and 13 iron and steel enterprises in the city to complete the task of upgrading the standard before the end of October, and strictly enforce the current national requirements and implement special emission limits." Zhang Wenqing, deputy director of Linfen Environmental Protection Bureau, said.
In the recent autumn and winter air pollution prevention and control campaign, Linfen focused on promoting the upgrading of coking and steel enterprises in the city, continuing to carry out coal-fired boiler management, and stepping up the implementation of clean heating transformation. Up to now, 269 of the 428 industrial enterprises in the city that need in-depth treatment have been completed, and the rest have all stopped production and rectification; All 604 "scattered pollution" enterprises and 4403 coal-fired boilers have been rectified, and environmental governance has achieved phased results.
Forced suspension of production and strict administrative law enforcement have not only shocked enterprises, but also made Linfen achieve a good performance of "the air quality improvement rate ranks among the top in the country since entering the heating season". China environmental science Research Institute’s evaluation on the improvement of regional environmental quality in Linfen City shows that under normal meteorological conditions, there will be no extreme data of sulfur dioxide concentration in Linfen City in the heating season of 2017, and the atmospheric environmental quality will be obviously improved.
Beijing
Go all out to complete the seemingly "impossible task"
In 2016, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing was 73 micrograms per cubic meter, down 9.9% year-on-year. However, the "Atmosphere Ten" makes it clear that Beijing’s task in 2017 is to achieve an average annual concentration of PM2.5 of 60 micrograms per cubic meter — — This means that the concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing will drop by nearly 20% on the basis of last year.
There are a large number of industries with high pollution and high energy consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas, and the centralized emission of coal-fired fuel, coupled with the rapid growth of motor vehicles … … In this context, Beijing’s emission reduction target was once considered as an "impossible task".
In order to accomplish this seemingly "impossible task", the Beijing municipal government can only go all out and take double strict governance measures.
The information released by Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau shows that in the past two years, Beijing’s air pollution control efforts have been unprecedented, with a total investment of more than 30 billion yuan, and the investment in 2017 exceeded 20 billion yuan. All measures are directed at the root causes of smog, including cleaning coal and reducing nitrogen, implementing coal to gas and coal to electricity on a large scale, and eliminating backward coal-fired boilers; Remediation of automobile exhaust, treatment of heavy-duty diesel vehicles, development of new energy vehicles, elimination of backward old motor vehicles, etc.
The results of PM2.5 source analysis released in 2014 show that nearly 4 of PM2.5 in Beijing is imported from other places, and the proportion of motor vehicle exhaust emissions from local sources exceeds 30%, among which nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emitted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles account for 50% and 90% of the total motor vehicle emissions respectively. Therefore, the pollution control of heavy-duty diesel vehicles has become the top priority of motor vehicle pollution control in Beijing.
According to Li Kunsheng, director of the Motor Vehicle Emission Management Office of Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, from January to November 2017, Beijing inspected 1,053,500 heavy-duty diesel vehicles through inspections in Beijing, night inspections on roads, and home inspections, and investigated the number of emissions exceeding the standard, which increased by 284.9% year-on-year; From September 21st, diesel trucks with national emission standard III are prohibited from entering the Sixth Ring Road. After two years, all diesel trucks entering the Sixth Ring Road must meet national emission standard IV. Three local standards for emission pollution control of heavy-duty diesel vehicles were issued, involving the rapid detection method of nitrogen oxides and the limitation and measurement method of heavy-duty vehicle exhaust pollutants & HELIP; …
Various control measures including motor vehicle pollution control have played an effective role. Data from Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau show that as of November 2017, the cumulative concentration of PM2.5 in the city was 58 μ g/m3, down 13.4% year-on-year; The number of days that air quality reached the standard (excellent and good) was 200 days, an increase of 15 days compared with the same period of last year, and the compliance rate was 60.2%.
"The key point is to win the blue sky defense war, adjust the industrial structure, eliminate backward production capacity, adjust the energy structure, increase energy saving capacity and assessment, and adjust the transportation structure." A few days ago, the Central Economic Work Conference held in Beijing decided to fight a tough battle against pollution in the next three years, so that the total discharge of major pollutants will be greatly reduced and the overall quality of the ecological environment will be improved.
Since the implementation of the "Ten Atmospheric Articles", various localities have actively deployed and taken practical actions, which have improved the quality of the atmospheric environment to varying degrees. The governance effects in Hebei, Linfen and Beijing are only typical cases that have emerged. Obviously, with the deepening of air pollution control across the country, the rest are "hard bones". However, in order to let the people enjoy the blue sky, this "blue sky defense war" must continue persistently.
(Reporter Lei Zhang)