Be alert! Beware of respiratory infectious diseases in spring

With the arrival of spring, respiratory infectious diseases have also entered a period of high incidence. At present, influenza and Covid-19 infection are the main respiratory infectious diseases in this area. In order to protect the health of ourselves and our families, we need to understand these diseases and take effective preventive measures.

01

flu

Etiology: Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious, mainly influenza A and B viruses. At present, the dominant influenza epidemic strain in this area is Victoria influenza virus B.

Clinical symptoms: After influenza virus infection, there are symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, such as fever (≥38℃), sneezing, runny nose and stuffy nose, and often accompanied by severe systemic reactions such as headache, muscle aches and fatigue.

Susceptible population: people are generally susceptible to influenza virus. Among them, pregnant women, infants, the elderly over 60 years old and patients with chronic basic diseases are high-risk groups.

Transmission route: Influenza patients and asymptomatic infected people are the main sources of influenza infection, which can be directly infected by droplets such as sneezing and coughing, directly or indirectly infected by oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and other mucous membranes, and also infected by touching items contaminated by viruses.

02

Novel coronavirus infection

Pathogen: novel coronavirus is a novel coronavirus of β genus, with capsule and round or round particles. At present, Covid-19 mutant of JN.1 has become the dominant strain in China, which is the offspring of BA.2.86 mutant in Omicron.

Fig. 1 Variation trend of local cases infected in novel coronavirus in China.

Clinical symptoms: Symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, expectoration, shortness of breath, myalgia or joint pain, sore throat, headache, chills, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, nasal congestion, hemoptysis and conjunctival congestion.

Susceptible population: The population is generally susceptible.

Transmission route: The main sources of infection are novel coronavirus infected persons and asymptomatic infected persons. Droplets through respiratory tract and close contact are the main routes of transmission, and it is possible to spread through aerosol when exposed to high concentration aerosol for a long time in a relatively closed environment.

03

Daily preventive advice

① Enhance immunity: maintain a balanced nutrition, not be partial to food or picky eaters, enhance physical fitness, eat more vegetables, eggs and milk, and eat less greasy and spicy food; Moderate exercise; Get enough rest, etc.

② Healthy travel: Go to crowded places as little as possible, and wear masks when going to public places, especially the elderly, patients with chronic basic diseases, pregnant women and other people with weak constitution.

③ Maintain good hygiene habits: wash your hands frequently, drink plenty of water, and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with your hands.

④ Indoor air circulation: Children should regularly open windows for ventilation at home and at school to keep the indoor air fresh.

⑤ Active vaccination: Vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 vaccine has a good preventive effect. School-age children without contraindications are advised to go to the community health service center nearby for vaccination. Usually after 2~4 weeks of influenza vaccination, antibodies with protective level can be produced, and the protective effect can last for 6~8 months.

⑥ Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment: When you are infected with respiratory infectious diseases, you should treat them in time and reduce your participation in group activities.

Note: Figure 1 is from China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Graphic | network

Editor | Li Pengyan

Audit | Song Canlei Han Dongfang Dong Zhaopeng

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