On June 10th, 2022, the historical biographical film Kumarajiva was launched in Shenzhen Shajing Qingping Ancient Market Film and Television Town.

The scene of the movie "Kumarajiva" boot conference

　 　 　 　Buddhism is one of the three major religions in the world, which has played a positive role in promoting all aspects of China. When talking about the famous monks in the history of China, the first thing that comes to mind is Master Xuanzang. Master Xuanzang went to the Western Regions to learn from Buddhist scriptures and translate Buddhist classics, which had an important influence on Buddhism in China. However, there was a monk who was earlier than Master Xuanzang, and he was Kumarajiva.　

　 　 　 　Kumarajiva is one of the four great translators of Buddhism in China, who translated 74 scriptures and 384 volumes in his life. These translated scriptures not only greatly promoted the development of Buddhism in China, but also had a far-reaching impact on the history of Buddhism in Asia. Master Kumarajiva himself was not only an important messenger of mutual learning between Chinese and Western civilizations on the Silk Road in ancient China during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, but also a pioneer in creating national unity. Tagore famously said, "Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves." This sentence is a true portrayal of Master Kumarajiva’s life.

Producer Jinzhan Zhang and screenwriter Shi Yike of the film "Kumarajiva"

　 　 　 　On the day of the conference, Shi Yike, the screenwriter of the film "Kumarajiva", Zhang Jinzhan, a famous producer, Wang Dan, a cutting-edge director, starring Purba Rgyal and Wang Jinsong, and Wen Yaoyao, a special opening guest of China Cultural Relics Exchange Center, made a speech.

　 　 　 　Today, Kumarajiva’s translations of Hokkekyo, Amitabha Sutra and Diamond Sutra are still widely read and studied in China, South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia. Combining the current "Belt and Road" cultural background, the film effectively conveys China’s history and culture to the people of the world, promotes cultural exchanges and cooperation among countries along the Silk Road, inherits the Silk Road spirit and promotes the Silk Road culture.

　 　 　 　The film "Kumarajiva" has attracted much attention from all walks of life since its preparation. On the day of the launch conference, the film producer Zheng Guangzhou, the film planner Huang Jiatai, the chief producer Fu Danchan and all the creative staff all attended, and guests such as Cui Mingchen, editor-in-chief of the Chinese Buddhist Channel of Phoenix.com also attended.

　 　 　 　Young actors enthusiastically joined in, and old actors helped each other.

　 　 　 　Master Kumarajiva was born in Qiuci royal family. He was trapped in Liangzhou for seventeen years by Lv Guang in order to enter the Central Plains eastward and spread eastern and western cultures. After Lv Guang’s death, Kumarajiva went to Chang ‘an to teach Buddhism at the invitation of Yao Xing, Emperor Wen Huan of the later Qin Dynasty, which had a very important influence on the Central Plains culture.

Starring Purba Rgyal, starring Wang Jinsong and artistic director Zhang Zhaoda.

　 　 　 　It is understood that in order to make the characters in the play more in line with history, the young actor Purba Rgyal and the old opera bone Wang Jinsong respectively expounded their understanding of the characters in the play. Purba Rgyal said that compared with his previous roles, the biggest challenge for Kumarajiva, who played as a young man, was how to make himself calm, because Master Kumarajiva was touched by everything, and his greatness could not be described in words. He hoped that he could find inspiration that resonated with Master Kumarajiva in his creation. And with the blessing of Wang Jinsong, an old opera teacher, I believe this movie will be very wonderful. Wang Jinsong, an old opera player, also said that the role he played in this play is different from other roles he has played, so he needs to face it with a more pious attitude.

　 　 　 　Luo Wenbo, a young actor who plays Princess Kamez in the film, also conveyed his blessing through the VCR.

　 　 　 　Strive to restore the real scene, people from all walks of life have high hopes.

　 　 　 　At the press conference, the crew of the film "Kumarajiva" launched the concept poster. The whole poster was mainly in black and white, and the boundless desert turned into a sea of books. Master Kumarajiva bent over the sea of books to translate scriptures, and the theme was concise and clear, at the same time implying that Master Kumarajiva’s understanding of Buddhism and his contribution to future generations were as vast as the sea.

Concept poster of the movie "Kumarajiva"

　 　 　 　According to Huang Jiatai, a film and television planner, in order to enhance the impression of the film, the creative team and his party have visited Kumarajiva’s birthplace Qiuci (now Kuqa City, Xinjiang), Dunhuang White Mata on Dongjin Road, Liangzhou City (now Kumarajiva Temple, Wuwei City), Kumarajiva, where Kumarajiva has lived for 17 years, and Chang ‘an Caotang Temple (now Caotang Temple, Xi ‘an), the national translation venue, and other places to inspect the landscape architecture, feel the humanistic customs, and visit Kumarajiva, Wuwei, Gansu Province.

　 　 　 　In the plot setting, the film focuses on the historical background, showing the important choices he made at the important moment of fate, his great perseverance and willingness to come to Chang ‘an from the Western Regions, his contribution to promoting academic exchanges in culture, art, religion and language between the Western Regions and China, and his contribution to the field of translation studies.

　 　 　 　Interpret the film from four aspects: communication, creation, dedication and professionalism.

　 　 　 　"Communication" — — Since Zhang Qian "hollowed out the Western Regions" in the Western Han Dynasty, the cultural exchanges between the mainland of China and the regions of the Western Regions, Tianzhu, Persia and other countries with different civilizations have been continuous, leaving many cultural heritages and cultural imprints engraved in each other’s civilizations, as well as many historical figures who shine in them. Kumarajiva, the protagonist of this film, is a typical representative. His ancestral home was Tianzhu, and he was born in Qiuci. When he was a teenager, he studied in the western regions and Tianzhu countries. Later, he entered Liangzhou and Chang ‘an, and tirelessly translated classics, making great contributions to the China of Buddhism. He became the first person in the cultural exchange between China and the West and the first of the four translators on the Silk Road before Master Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty.

　 　 　 　"Pioneering" — — Kumarajiva’s life story runs through the whole movie. From Qiuci to Tianzhu countries, and then to the mainland of China, Kumarajiva witnessed the rich and diverse civilizations along the Silk Road, and also understood the necessity and importance of spreading the civilization achievements of the western regions and Tianzhu to the mainland of China at that time. As a result of Kumarajiva’s translation of classics in Chang ‘an, China’s classical philosophy system, religious system, artistic system and even ideological system were completely transfused. He not only laid a solid foundation for the China of Buddhism, but also integrated Buddhism with Confucianism and Taoism, which together formed the backbone of Chinese national ideology and culture in later generations. His translated works not only started the academic and practical development of China’s translation studies, but also provided reference for later generations’ prose, poetry, drama and novel creation. It has also played an important role in promoting the innovation and development of traditional art statues, painting art and architectural art in China.

　 　 　 　"Dedication" — — Since Qiuci entered Liangzhou, Kumarajiva endured humiliation, Do not forget your initiative mind, and strove forward. He actively learned about local customs and learned Chinese from local residents with an open mind, which laid a solid foundation for cultural communication and translation in the future. This great dedication is the spirit that the film focuses on and carries forward, and it will also be the focus of the film’s education for contemporary people.

　 　 　 　"Professional" — — The film focuses on the unity of academics, artistry and drama. Academic, refers to the professional standards required for the professional content related to history, philosophy, religion, language, etc., such as the use and presentation of ancient Sanskrit, Tuhuoluo and ancient Chinese in the film. In terms of artistry, the splendid cultural exchange achievements on the Silk Road, such as Qiuci music and dance, mural art and sculpture art, will be expressed. Dramatic, focusing on in-depth expression in all kinds of conflicts and challenges that have gone through thousands of difficulties and dangers.

　 　 　 　In addition, Gansu Film Bureau, Gansu Film Association, relevant cultural units in Shenzhen, and many domestic cultural units and cultural enterprises all sent congratulations and messages to the film, and gave full affirmation and support to the film.

The launch conference of the movie Kumarajiva.

　 　 　 　The film Kumarajiva is jointly produced by Shenzhen Zhengfa Film Co., Ltd., Gansu Silv Yijing Cultural Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai New Culture Media Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Kelaier Cultural Media Co., Ltd., and is expected to be released in 2023.

　　BEIJING, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) According to Politico, on the 11th local time, John Kirby, strategic communication coordinator of the National Security Council of the White House, said that the Biden administration expressed "concern" about Israel’s previous use of white phosphorus bombs provided by the United States in Lebanon.

　　According to reports, Kirby told reporters on the same day, "We are worried about these reports. We will ask questions to try to learn more. "

　　Prior to Kirby’s remarks, Washington post reported on the 11th that in October, Israel bombed several areas on the Lebanese side of the temporary border between Lebanon and Israel, and used white phosphorus bombs in the attack.

　　Image source: Washington post report screenshot

　　At the time of the attack, a journalist from Washington post found fragments of three 155mm shells in a small village in the southern Lebanese border area. At least four houses in the village were burned and at least nine civilians were injured in the attack. According to the report, the marks on the ammunition fragments show that they were made in Louisiana and Arkansas in 1989 and 1992.

　　Kirby also said on the same day that the white phosphorus bomb has "legitimate military use", which is used for lighting and generating smoke to hide actions. "Obviously, whenever we provide items like white phosphorus bombs to another army, we fully expect that these items will be used for legitimate purposes … … And in accordance with the law of armed conflict. "

　　On the same day, Pentagon spokesman Pat Ryder said that since the outbreak of the new round of conflict between Palestine and Israel on October 7, the United States has not provided Israel with white phosphorus bombs.

　　Asked whether Israel used white phosphorus bombs against Lebanon, Israeli Defense Minister galante said, "The IDF and the entire Israeli security agency have always acted in accordance with international law. This is the way we have acted in the past and in the future. "

In 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) broke out in Southeast Asia. Until recently, HPAI only broke out in Indonesia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and China and other eastern Asian countries. But from April to June, 2005, more than 6,000 migratory birds died of H5N1 in Qinghai Lake, China. In July 2005, H5N1 outbreaks also occurred in Russia and Kazakhstan. In August, 2005, a wild bird died of H5N1 in a lake area in northern Mongolia. In October 2005, poultry or wild birds infected with H5N1 were also detected in European countries such as Turkey, Romania, Greece, Sweden and Britain. The H5N1 avian influenza epidemic broke out in Anhui, Hunan and Liaoning. This worldwide outbreak of avian influenza has caused a large number of poultry to be killed and infected people. As of November 2, 2005, 122 people have been found to be infected with H5N1, of which 62 died [1]. The worldwide outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza has caused great losses to agriculture and aquaculture, posed a serious threat to human life safety, and attracted worldwide attention. The worldwide outbreak of HPAI can easily remind people of the role of migratory birds in the spread of avian influenza, because migratory birds have the ability of long-distance migration across national boundaries, and they are regarded as a major carrier of avian influenza virus. However, based on the existing facts, it is still difficult to determine the role of migratory birds in the spread of avian influenza.The outbreak of avian influenza in 2005 showed some characteristics different from previous outbreaks. The research work is still going on. Although the role of wild birds in the spread of avian influenza is still controversial, it is urgent to establish a monitoring network for wild birds and conduct a dynamic study on the epidemiology of avian influenza virus.

1 influenza virus characteristics

Avian influenza virus belongs to Orthomyxoviridae. According to nuclear protein (NP) and membrane protein (M1), it can be divided into three types: A, B and C. According to hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza A virus is further divided into subtype 2. Up to now, 16 HA (H1-H16) and 9 NA (N1-N9) influenza virus subtypes have been found, and H5N1 is one of the virus subtypes 3.

According to the pathogenicity, avian influenza viruses can be divided into HPAI and LPAI (low pathogenicity avian influenza virus). LPAI is often parasitic in the respiratory and digestive systems of birds, and generally does not cause pathological reactions, or only causes mild pathological symptoms. However, HPAI can infect various tissues and cells of the host, causing various organs of the host to fail, leading to death, and its mortality rate is as high as 100%. Up to now, all the HPAI found are H5 and H7 subtype influenza viruses. LPAI can be transformed into HPAI4 through the change of amino acid site in HA0 cleavage region.

Influenza A virus has been isolated from many animals, including humans, pigs, horses, seals and wild birds. The phylogenetic study of influenza A virus found that influenza A virus has host interspecific relationship, and other animal influenza A viruses originated from waterfowl influenza A virus 5.

The wild migratory birds themselves are the natural reservoir of bird flu.

All virus subtypes of 16 kinds of HA and 9 kinds of NA have been found in aquatic bird populations. Stakkknecht and Shane isolated 2,317 strains of virus from 21,318 birds, with a carrying rate of 10.9%, including 14,303 birds of the order Animalia, and 2,173 strains of virus were detected (15.2%). Except for geese and ducks, the carrying rate of influenza virus in other birds was only (2.1%) 6. It is worth noting that influenza A virus seems to have achieved an ideal parasitic adaptation in the host of wild birds. LPAI is parasitic in the digestive or respiratory system of the host. LPAI isolated from most wild birds is nontoxic, and the host has no symptoms or only mild symptoms. The transmission between birds can be directly or indirectly through dust, water, food and other pollutants contaminated by feces. LPAI may be transmitted to poultry through contact between wild birds and poultry, and mutate in poultry population, leading to HPAI. Poultry infected with HPAI can lead to systemic infection. Clinical symptoms include decreased egg production, dyspnea, excessive tears, brain edema, diarrhea and neurological symptoms that eventually lead to death. But so far, there is no more evidence to prove that wild birds are natural reservoir of HPAI. Therefore, there is a theory of HPAI outbreak mechanism that only when LPAI in wild waterfowl spreads to poultry such as chickens or turkeys, and LPAI mutates into HPAI in poultry, will it lead to the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Since 1959,There were 19 incidents in which LPAI from wild birds was transmitted to poultry and mutated into HPAI in poultry, which eventually led to the outbreak of the epidemic.

3 Debate about Wild Birds as Spreaders of HPAI

It is precisely because wild birds are the natural reservoir of avian influenza virus, and the migratory route of migratory birds can obviously connect Asian countries with the outbreak points of H5N1 avian influenza in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Europe. Therefore, when HPAI was raging, some people suspected that migratory birds were spreading the bird flu virus. But so far, no clear source of H5N1 HPAI that ravaged Asia in 2005 has been found. It is speculated that before the outbreak of HPAI in domestic chickens in Hong Kong in 1997, LPAI, the predecessor of this kind of HPAI, might parasitize the wild waterfowl population in southern China and spread and evolve, and then contact with poultry in Hong Kong through some channels. LPAI mutated into HPAI and broke out in 2003. The Hong Kong government controlled the outbreak of bird flu by killing 1.5 million poultry. Then, in December 2003, the virus once again ravaged Korean chicken farms. Outbreaks in Japan and Vietnam in January 2004; An epidemic was discovered in Indonesia in February; It soon led to outbreaks in Thailand and China.

But many ornithologists doubt the hypothesis that wild birds infect avian influenza. First, since the late 1990s, the United States Department of Agriculture has detected tens of thousands of migratory birds migrating from Asia to Alaska, and Hong Kong researchers have also sampled thousands of inbound migratory birds, but none of these tens of thousands of wild bird samples have detected H5N1 subtype. Up to now, the research results show that the H5N1 strain that causes high mortality of poultry is also pathogenic to wild birds. Wild birds infected with HPAI will also get sick and die. When the host dies, the spread of the virus stops, and the spread chain of the virus is interrupted. Secondly, the transmission path and outbreak time of avian influenza are not very consistent with the migration path and migration time of migratory birds. Although wild birds are the natural reservoir of avian influenza, it is not entirely accurate to blame wild birds for the outbreak of HPAI. Because in addition to the migration of migratory birds, bird flu may be spread, the backward feeding methods of mixing livestock and poultry with wild birds provide an ideal environment for the mutation and breeding of bird flu virus, and human activities such as frequent poultry trade and wildlife smuggling may play an unimaginable role in the spread of the virus. For example, in January 2004, an outbreak of H5N1 occurred in Lhasa, Xizang, which was finally found to be caused by selling a batch of sick poultry from Lanzhou, Gansu, 1500 kilometers away to Lhasa. An even more surprising incident occurred in Brussels. In October 2004, two crested eagles smuggled into Belgium from Bangkok Bird Market were seized at Brussels Airport.And detected that it has been infected with H5N1 virus. Therefore, many biologists are skeptical about the hypothesis that migratory birds spread avian influenza virus.

While people are arguing about the role of wild birds in the spread of avian influenza, the H5N1 outbreak in 2005 showed several aspects different from previous epidemics. Until the spring of 2005, there had not been any death of wild birds infected with H5N1 virus. However, in April 2005, the H5N1 outbreak in Qinghai Lake killed more than 6,000 migratory birds. At present, researchers are still investigating the causes and possible consequences of the outbreak of H5N1 in Qinghai Lake.

Then in August, 2005, wild birds in Lake Irkher in Mongolia also died of H5N1 infection. There are few poultry farms in Lake Irhull. It is likely that wild birds infected with H5N1 brought the virus to Lake Irhull, and the US Department of Agriculture only detected H5N1 strains in dead birds, but not in other living ducks, gulls, geese and swans. It is not known which kind of birds spread the virus, which may be very difficult, because there is very little research work on avian influenza virus in other birds except waterfowl. While the research work is still in progress, in October 2005, several European countries in Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea broke out one after another, which made more and more people believe that wild birds played a role in the spread of avian influenza.

In October 2005, an outbreak of avian influenza occurred in Hunan, Anhui and Liaoning, and the state took decisive measures to control the epidemic. Some experts said that the epidemic focus may come from migratory birds 9.

4. Establish a wild bird influenza virus monitoring network and strengthen

Protection of wild bird resources

While the role of wild birds in the transmission of avian influenza is still controversial, Europe has begun to establish a European-wide investigation and monitoring network for wild birds. Researchers in the Netherlands have collected more than 6,000 bird samples on the migration routes of European migratory birds. The monitoring network is not only to study the role of wild birds in the spread of avian influenza, but also to monitor the changing direction of avian influenza epidemic, study the variation law of avian influenza virus, and provide valuable data for preventing the outbreak of avian influenza.

Because all the influenza strains in the history of human influenza outbreaks are new strains formed by the recombination of avian influenza strains and human influenza strains, it is difficult for human immune system to play a role in the face of this new strain, and it is difficult for vaccines based on unchanged strains to play a role in the new strain, so it is easy to trigger human influenza outbreaks, resulting in significant economic losses and human death. The wild bird influenza epidemic monitoring network can not only be used as an early warning network for human influenza outbreaks, but also monitor the variation direction of viruses, providing reliable data for vaccine development, and developing vaccine strains that may cause influenza outbreaks before influenza outbreaks, thus changing the previous practice that vaccines can only be developed after influenza outbreaks. In addition, this monitoring network can also monitor the changes of antiviral drug resistance of viruses for a long time to ensure the effectiveness of antiviral drugs in the emergency of influenza outbreak. At present, it has been found that avian influenza virus has developed resistance to interferents based on hemagglutinin (such as amantadine); The interferents developed based on neuraminidase mainly include Tamiflu produced by Roche and Rekenza produced by Gkaxo Smith Kkine. Recent studies have found that influenza virus has produced a few resistance to Tamiflu, while Rekenza has not found any record of resistance because of its low dosage. Therefore, governments around the world should pay attention to the problem of drug resistance while stockpiling antiviral drugs. Use the monitoring network to monitor the virus for a long time,The problem of drug failure caused by drug resistance can be found in time.

Therefore, it is of great significance to establish an influenza surveillance network for wild birds. In the face of severe avian influenza epidemic, China should immediately set up its own wild bird monitoring network, study the role of wild birds in the outbreak of avian influenza, find key hosts, study the transformation and variation law between LPAI and HPAI, monitor the direction of virus variation, and provide reference for vaccine development, and monitor the change of virus resistance, so as to provide reference for the development and storage of antiviral drugs.

5 conclusion

The role of wild birds in the spread and outbreak of avian influenza is still controversial. By analyzing the existing evidence, it is still impossible to confirm the role played by wild migratory birds in the spread of avian influenza. After more than one year’s molecular epidemiological investigation of avian influenza, although it has not been confirmed that wild birds are natural reservoir of HPAI, it can be confirmed that wild birds can be infected with HPAI H5N1 virus, not only migratory birds but also resident birds. All kinds of facts remind us that the outbreak and epidemic of HPAI H5N1 in the world may include the repeated transmission link of "wild birds → poultry → wild birds → poultry", and each host transfer and repetition may enhance the toxicity of the virus.

LPAI can mutate cyclically in poultry and wild birds until the HPAI epidemic occurs. HPAI virus is fatal to poultry and wild birds that originated in the first place. Infected wild birds are often dying or dying, which may affect their ability to spread the virus over a long distance. The fact that migratory birds in Qinghai Lake are infected with avian influenza reveals that H5N1 virus can spread among wild birds. However, these viruses are collected from dead or dying individuals, and they are the ultimate hosts. The further monitoring results of migratory birds that survived the bird flu control in Qinghai Lake will prove whether it is possible for migratory birds in Qinghai Lake to spread the virus with migration. At present, before we fully understand the role of migratory bird migration in the process of bird flu transmission, we should not blindly assume that HPAI has nothing to do with migratory bird migration, nor should we ignore the role of migratory bird migration in bird flu transmission. In addition, a very important point is often overlooked by everyone, that is, keeping birds. Previous studies mainly focused on migratory birds, and recently HPAI virus was detected in resident birds. If HPAI H5N1 can be isolated from a large number of healthy birds, it will be the biggest threat for human beings to prevent and control avian influenza.

From the perspective of logistics, environment and biodiversity, it is difficult to control avian influenza infection in wild birds at this stage. Indiscriminately killing wild birds is ineffective in preventing the spread of avian influenza, and it is likely to cause the extinction of wild birds.

In addition to paying attention to the role of wild birds in avian influenza, limiting the contact between poultry and wild birds should be a key part of avian influenza prevention strategy. We should reduce the contact between people, poultry and wild birds as much as possible, improve the level of poultry raising and avoid free-range; Strictly manage the poultry and wildlife trading market; Strengthen quarantine and immunization work; Put an end to illegal unlicensed poultry and wildlife trade.

In order to prevent the spread of HPAI, it is urgent to carry out scientific research on wildlife diseases. Establish a monitoring network for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds. Monitoring, sampling and analyzing the evolution and variation of avian influenza subtype virus in wild birds. Establish and improve the laboratory research ability to quickly detect and analyze the characteristics and types of viruses. Establish a perfect monitoring network of wild bird epidemic focus in order to quickly respond to virus emergencies and provide timely reference for national decision-making. Long-term monitoring and detection of avian influenza epidemic situation. Investigate the wild host distribution of avian influenza virus, study the variation law of the virus, determine the distribution, types and natural history of avian influenza virus in wild birds, and explore the relationship between wild migratory birds and agriculture and aquaculture structure and its role in the transmission of avian influenza virus to poultry and people. Develop and reserve safe vaccines and antiviral drugs against avian influenza virus. Organize veterinarians, wildlife experts, ornithologists, virologists, molecular biologists and other multidisciplinary experts to jointly study the changing law of avian influenza, fully understand the role of wild birds in the spread and spread of avian influenza virus, and prevent the outbreak of avian influenza and human influenza.

Acknowledgement This research plan has received strong support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the State Forestry Administration, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Science and Technology Research Group of the National Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Prevention and Control Command, and the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is supported by the key project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2004BA519A11), the President’s Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the frontier project of the Institute of Zoology. Thank you very much!

Main references

1 http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/ country/cases_table_2005_11_01/en/index.html.

2 Horimoto T， Kawaoka Y. Influenza: Lessons from past pandemics, warnings from current incidents. Nature Review Microbiology, 2005, 3： 591.

3 Fouchier R A et ak. Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemaglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J. Virology 2005,79: 2814-2822.

4 Banks J, Speidel E S, Moore E et ak. Changes in the haemagglutinin and the neuraminidase genes prior to the emergence of highly pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza viruses in Italy. Arch Virol.,2001, 146:963-973.

5 Webster R G, Bean W J, Gorman O T et ak. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol. Rev., 1992, 56, 152-179.

6 Stallknecht D E， Shane S M. Host range of avian influenza virus in free-living birds. Vet. Res. Commun., 1988, 12:125-141.

7 Perdue M,Crawford J, Garcia M et ak. Occurrence and possible mechanisms of cleavage site insertions in the avian influenza hemagglutinin gene. In: Proceedings of the Fouth International Symposium on Avian Influenza, Athens Geogia. US Animal Health Association, 1998, 70-75.

8 Liu J, Xiao H, Lei F et ak. High pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. Science, 2005,309:1206.

9 http://www.agri.gov.cn/.

10 Normile D. Are wild birds to Blame? Science,2005, 310: 426.

Special topic: earthquake-resistant site: the cutest soldier

Topic: A strong earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Sichuan.

Topic: Love Donation for Earthquake Relief

　

　　　　The "512" earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province always touched the hearts of Hunan fire officers and soldiers. At 8: 30 am on May 13th, loaded with the entrustment of 68 million sons and daughters of Hunan Province and the expectations of nearly 5,000 fire officers and soldiers, a 110-member Hunan fire earthquake emergency rescue team set off from Changsha and went straight to the Wenchuan disaster area in Sichuan. Later, two fire earthquake emergency rescue teams were assembled to fly to the disaster area from May 13th to 1,000.

　　　　The fire officers and soldiers at home who were affected by the disaster resolutely challenged.

　　　　During the "5.12" earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, the families of hundreds of officers and men in Hunan Province were affected, mainly in officers and men from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chongqing. Among them, the families of two fire fighters in Changsha detachment were seriously affected, and all the houses in their homes collapsed. One of the officers and men was unable to get in touch with their families.

　　　　However, in the face of the disaster, the fire officers and soldiers were selfless. After learning that they were going to dispatch officers and soldiers to Wenchuan, Sichuan for earthquake relief, the fire officers and soldiers in the whole province strongly demanded to participate in the war. The military and political officials of various cities and States took the initiative to ask for the battle to the captain and political commissar. The remote areas such as Zhangjiajie, Huaihua and Xiangxi also repeatedly requested to participate in the war by telephone. The enthusiasm for participating in the war was high, and none of the fire officers and soldiers affected by the disaster took time off. Two soldiers of Changsha detachment also joined the commando team and went to the front. The fire brigade that the earthquake relief team will pass along the way also supports the earthquake relief work in various ways. They hope to reinforce the disaster area with their own strength and hope that the people in the disaster area will get out of trouble as soon as possible.

　　　　Olympic torchbearers go to the front line of disaster relief.

　　　　Jiang Aibing, the vanguard of the first-line earthquake relief team, is particularly familiar with it, and has also become the focus of your media reporters to capture the lens. He is the acting deputy squadron leader of the Special Service Squadron of Changsha Fire Brigade, the "leading soldier in fire fighting and rescue" of the national fire brigade, and also the torchbearer of the Hunan section of the Olympic torch relay. After getting the information that the corps will team up to go to the disaster area for reinforcements, he volunteered to ask the detachment to fight on the front line. When the media reporter asked: "If the rescue in the disaster area lasts for a long time, will you feel regret if you can’t attend the activities of the Beijing Olympic torch relay in Changsha on June 2?" He firmly replied: Being an Olympic torchbearer is the highest honor given by the country and the people, but going to the front to rescue the disaster is the sacred mission entrusted by the party and the people, and it is the unshirkable duty of fire officers and soldiers to save the people from dire straits.

　　　　Coincidentally, Wang Yonglin, the first volunteer of the national fire brigade who successfully donated hematopoietic stem cells and was also the Olympic torchbearer, also appeared in the earthquake relief team. He also rushed to the front line without hesitation. Having stood the test of thousands of fires and disaster relief scenes, he was extraordinarily calm. He said that he would race against time and death to win more time for the people in the disaster areas and rescue more victims.

　　　　At the scene where the fire-fighting and earthquake-relief commandos set out, the vows of fire officers and soldiers are particularly powerful, and they will realize their promises with actions!

　　　　Seven contract firefighters were granted special permission to go to the front line.

　　　　On the evening of May 14th, the meeting room of the Party Committee of Changsha detachment was brightly lit, and members of the Party Committee of Changsha detachment were urgently studying to send the third batch of commandos to Sichuan for earthquake relief. While Li Hao had packed his backpack and stood at the door of the conference room.

　　　　Li Hao, an ordinary contract firefighter in Changsha detachment, felt the mission and responsibility as a contract firefighter after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, facing the bloody bodies of the people in the disaster area on TV and the crying of babies in the cracks of the ruins. After learning that the detachment will transfer the third batch of reinforcements, he could no longer hold back his enthusiasm and strongly demanded to go to the front line for earthquake relief.

　　　　Li Hao said with great pride: "As a contract firefighter, we have the responsibility and obligation to do our bit for the people in the disaster area with everyone. As long as the organization needs it, it is incumbent on us to participate in earthquake relief." He went on to say: "I have three reasons to go to the front. First, I am a contract firefighter, and it is my duty to go to the front to fight earthquake and provide disaster relief. Second, when I came to be a fireman, I was ready to bleed or even die. Third, I have good physical fitness and strong fire fighting business. I am the first in the Changsha contract firefighter training business competition! "

　　　　Li Hao’s behavior brought us surprise, but also deeply moved. In the past few days, more than 300 contract firefighters have volunteered to rush to Sichuan for earthquake relief. With the special approval of the Party Committee of the Corps, seven contract firefighters, including Li Hao, Liu Chunhui, Wang Jia, Yu Ningxia, Tu Hongjun, Huang Chao and Yi Haiwen, formed a rescue class and participated in the earthquake relief of the Third Commando. With the common wish of more than 300 contract firefighters of Changsha detachment, they embarked on a journey to Sichuan earthquake-stricken area with confidence at 8: 30 am on May 15th.

　　　　Three demobilized cadres of Hengyang detachment invited to the front line of earthquake disaster

　　　　On May 15th, three comrades including Qin Zhifeng, Zhou Fawu and Xie Guobin came to Hengyang detachment early. Due to the need of work, the organization has arranged for these three comrades to work in other places this year. This is the first time that they have returned to their "parents’ homes" after arranging to change jobs. In the detachment office, they couldn’t wait to put forward the "requirements": first, they hoped to donate money to the people in the Sichuan disaster area through the organization, and second, they requested to go to the front line of earthquake relief as a firefighter.

　　　　They always pay attention to the situation in the disaster area, care about the people in the disaster area, and pay more attention to the participation of fire forces in earthquake relief. When they learned that the corps had set up a fire-fighting earthquake emergency rescue commando to go to the front line of earthquake relief, they eagerly hoped to go to the front line of disaster relief with their comrades. They said emotionally that although the organization has arranged for them to work in other places, they are always firefighters, trained and educated by the party and the army for many years. When the party and the country need it, when the people are in danger, they have the responsibility and obligation to stand up and make their own contribution.

　　　　In the face of the severe earthquake disaster, both cadres and soldiers, and even comrades who have arranged to change jobs, have expressed their strong desire to support disaster relief and go to the front line in different ways. With infinite loyalty to the party and the people, the fire officers and soldiers in the province have made full preparations and always listen to the call of the organization. When the people in the disaster areas need it, they will go forward bravely and resolutely.

　　　　As of May 16th, three commandos of the Hunan Provincial Fire and Earthquake Emergency Rescue Team have successively carried out rescue work in Dujiangyan City, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province and other severely affected areas. Together with the brothers, they have rescued eight buried people, dug up more than 20 bodies of the victims, evacuated more than 150 people and rescued a large number of living materials. At present, all three commandos have rushed to Mianyang City to participate in the rescue. A total of 216 people from the first commandos and the third commandos joined forces in Nanba Town, Pingwu County, and are cleaning up the collapsed ruins and searching for survivors. The second commando participated in the rescue in Huangping Township, Qingchuan County on the 15th, and was ordered to rush to Beichuan County to carry out the rescue work on the 16th.

　　

Editor: Zhou Zhongxiao

　　Xinhua News Agency, Paris, August 2nd　Question: How does the "Olympic effect" boost the French economy?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Wenxin Liu Fang

　　The Paris Olympic Games is in full swing, and the influence of the "Olympic effect" on the French economy has attracted people’s attention. French economic research institutions believe that the Paris Olympic Games will help boost the French economy in the short term and bring long-term benefits to French tourism.

　　This is the Eiffel Tower, which was shot on July 26th. On the same day, the opening ceremony of the 33rd Summer Olympic Games was held in Paris. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

　　According to a recent report released by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economics, the Paris Olympic Games will contribute 0.3 percentage points to France’s GDP growth in the third quarter. Among them, the income from Olympic tickets and broadcasting rights contributed 0.25 percentage points, and the increase in the number of tourists led to the contribution of transportation, hotels and restaurants by 0.05 percentage points.

　　Dorian Ruxie, director of the Institute’s Economic Situation Department, said that the above situation is similar to the boost to the British economy from the 2012 London Olympic Games. In the third quarter of 2012, Britain’s GDP increased by 1 percentage point month-on-month, of which the contribution of London Olympic Games was about 0.2 to 0.4 percentage point.

　　According to the French Center for Sports Law and Economics (CDES), from 2018, when the Paris Olympic Games began to be prepared, to 2034, 10 years after the end of the event, the economic benefits brought by the "Olympic effect" to the French island region where Paris is located are estimated to be between 6.7 billion and 11.1 billion euros.

　　The center believes that more than 80% of the "Olympic effect" will be released during the preparation and hosting of the Olympic Games, and the rest of the driving effect will gradually emerge in the 10 years after the Olympic Games. The tourism industry in the French island region will gain economic benefits of 201 million to 1.236 billion euros.

　　On July 26th, the main torch in the shape of a hot air balloon was lit in Dolores Garden. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Yuxi photo

　　Didier Arino, director of "Promoting Tourism", a French tourism consulting company, believes that the positive impact of the Paris Olympic Games on French tourism will continue to appear in the next few years, "because the Olympic Games have given France an extraordinary image".

　　According to the Paris Tourism Bureau, during the Olympic Games this year, Paris is expected to welcome 15.3 million tourists, while under normal circumstances, Paris receives about 12 million tourists from July to August. According to the statistics of Paris Tourism Bureau, from July 24th to 27th, Paris has received 650,000 tourists, a year-on-year increase of 16%. On the day before the opening ceremony, the number of visitors to Paris increased by 34.6% year-on-year.

　　Corinna Menago, director of the Paris Tourism Bureau, said that Paris has always been "quiet" in August, but the tourism situation in Paris will be "very good" in August this year. The Paris Tourism Bureau predicts that the occupancy rate of hotels in Paris will be close to 90% in the first weekend of August.

　　According to the statistics of the French Tourism Development Agency, the occupancy rate of hotels in Paris will exceed 80% during the whole Olympic Games, and the number of days for booking short-term rental houses with furniture will increase by 60%.

　　On July 26th, the main torch in the shape of a hot air balloon was lit in front of the glass pyramid in the Louvre. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fei photo

　　In the center near Paris by car — The "Olympic effect" is also very obvious in the Loire Valley region, Champagne region and Normandy region. According to the French Tourism Development Agency, this is partly driven by foreign tourists who come to watch the Olympic Games.

　　As the Olympic Games are distributed in many cities in France, there are more than 1,000 Olympic preparation centers in France, which are used as training and rest bases for Olympic delegations. Almost all French cities that host Olympic events and provide training venues will benefit from the "Olympic effect".

　　In Marseille, a tourist city in southern France where football and sailing events are held, local institutions predict that the city will receive 825,000 visitors during the Olympic Games and gain economic benefits of about 179 million euros.

　　In terms of employment, according to French media reports, the Paris Olympic Games will create nearly 90,000 jobs for the French island region, which are distributed in hotels, restaurants, logistics, tourism and other fields. The International Olympic Committee predicts that the Paris Olympic Games will create a total of 181,000 related jobs and enable 30,000 people to acquire vocational skills through training.

1905 movie network news The Spring Festival family comedy blockbuster is being shown, and the special "Love Without Regret" shows the professional advantages of the screenwriter and director in shooting racing themes, the mastery of details and the profound interpretation of the fate of Zhang Chi characters. The footage of the feature film "Rushing the Line in a Snowstorm" was also officially exposed. Zhang Chi and the navigator Sun Yuqiang challenged the limit and made a thrilling crossing through the hail section of Bayinbuluke, which was high-energy and high-burning, and won great praise. On the fourth day of Lunar New Year’s Eve, Han Han, a screenwriter and director, came to chengdu railway station for a national roadshow with actors, and gained the audience’s love for the film, and shared their moments of moving to tears when shooting or watching movies. The film was written and directed by Han Han, starring Adam,,, and Sean, featuring, and playing in friendship, and won 95% platform-wide praise from Douban 7.9, Cat’s Eye 9.7, Taobao Film 9.6, bilibili 9.5, Weibo 9.1, and Big V, and it is being highly acclaimed.

Click to watch: The film "Pegasus 2" released a feature clip of "Rushing the Line in a Snowstorm"　

"Love without regret" special analysis of professional advantages to truly present the car to every detail

The racing scene of the movie "Pegasus 2" is exciting and shocking. Many viewers commented: "Watching racing on the big screen is exciting. Han Han must be the director who knows racing best!" The newly released special "Love Without Regret" focuses on Han Han, a screenwriter and director who has made many achievements as a racing driver. He used his passion for racing and his professional advantages in Pegasus 2, and he knew exactly what he wanted. Shen Teng believes that few people can have such professionalism as Han Han in the dual fields of racing and directing. Adam, on the other hand, revealed that Han Han has high requirements for racing movements, such as eye angle and movement range. As Marin, the director of Group B, said, "Because he is a racing driver, he not only looks at every shot from the perspective of a director, but also looks at every shot from the perspective of a racing driver." Han Han pursues the truth about the overall shape, interior, center console and other details of the racing car, and has made great efforts in every place. He is called "crazy about racing details" by Xue-hao Zhao, production designer. Norman Luo, the action director, also pointed out that Han Han also has high standards and strict requirements for racing pictures, "making every shot achieve the best effect".

In the movie, Zhang Chi’s love for racing also "echoed" with Han Han. When talking about the continuation of the speeding story, Han Han confessed his preference for Zhang Chi, hoping to continue the fate of this character and present a story that he was covered in scars and suffered injustice but did not change his love. When creating the scene in which Zhang Chi met himself five years ago, Han Han also thought about what Zhang Chi would say to himself. Finally, he felt that he didn’t need to say anything, and it was enough for him to give his present self an affirmation to carry on. I believe the audience can feel the firm love of Han Han and Zhang Chi besides being shocked by the high-energy and high-burning racing scene.

The footage of the feature film "Rushing in the Blizzard" is thrilling. Zhang Chi is not afraid of the snow sprint to detonate the cool mood

The Bayinbuluke Rally shown in the movie "Pegasus 2" not only has a cool shock from the audio-visual level, but also has a strong appeal from the inner level of the characters. The feature clip of "Running the Line in the Blizzard" is one of the highlights that make countless audiences excited, and the line "I have tried countless times, but the opportunity will only appear once or twice" that resonates strongly also comes from it. Zhang Chi came back from five years’ dormancy and drove, but he had to face the extreme weather at Bayinbuluke Rally. The storm and hail brought a series of problems, such as sudden drop in temperature, slippery road surface and blocked sight, which made the danger soar. However, rally was originally designed to challenge all kinds of natural conditions, and all racing cars and drivers were born for it. Zhang Chi didn’t want to miss this hard-won and last Bayinbuluke Rally. Although his car was not ready and his physical fitness was not as good as before, he still chose to face the difficulties. With superb technology, rich experience and persistent belief, he flew all the way without fear of snow and ice, and finally completed the difficult "Scandinavian pendulum" with the help of the navigator Sun Yuqiang and rushed out of the snowy road. This scene set off an extremely cool mood, which made countless audiences admire it. They all said, "It exploded, and tears filled their eyes." "Zhang Chi sprinted in the snowstorm, and my palms were all sweaty." "I walked through the snowstorm and got rid of all obstacles.Live up to love and surpass yourself, really burning and moving. "

The audience of Chengdu roadshow called the film "Laughing and Burning" Han Han Adam Sean shared the moment of touching tears.

On the fourth day of Lunar New Year’s Eve, screenwriter and director Han Han, actors Adam and Sean appeared in the chengdu railway station activity of the national roadshow "Fill up the tank and fly all the way". The audience at the scene expressed their feelings of watching movies, saying that "the movie is particularly beautiful, laughing, refreshing, burning and exploding", "very passionate and very bloody" and "I hope I can bravely overcome the difficulties in life like Zhang Chi. There are also viewers who bluntly cried several times. After finding the lead seal, Zhang Chi said that he only wanted innocence, and when he looked at himself five years ago, he said, "I can hold on, Zhang Chi" and other plots were burning, moving and inspiring.

When asked about the moment when he was moved to tears in the movie, Han Han revealed that it was the scene where Zhang Chi overturned in the driving school late at night, and shared the behind-the-scenes story. At that time, he filmed for several nights. Shen Teng had just finished surgery and needed to hang Weiya upside down. Moreover, it was an emotional outburst scene in Zhang Chi, which was difficult to shoot. While shooting, he was worried about Shen Teng’s physical condition, and he could not even tell whether Shen Teng was in pain or performing Zhang Chi’s pain. Adam was deeply impressed by the scene in which Li Xiaohai saved Zhang Chi: "Brother Teng finally laughed, which may make everyone laugh, but I feel more bitter about Zhang Chi. It’s not easy to see him these years. "Sean frankly was deeply moved by many lines of Zhang Chi’s race, especially the dialogue" We all know that this car is not ready "and" But I am ready ".He was not at the scene when shooting this scene, and heard Zhang Chi say this sentence on the big screen." I was really moved to tears at that moment ". In addition, many spectators came prepared. Adam was presented with a banner of "Young Actor Adam, Flying on the Road Forever", and he and Sean’s characters Li Xiaohai and Liu Xiande were nicknamed "Looking Awesome" group. The founders also received a local special food, Farewell Chicken, and there was a lot of joy on stage and off stage. Before you walk into the cinema,Let the movie "Pegasus 2" take you flying with a smile.

The film "Pegasus 2" was written and directed by Han Han, starring Shen Teng, Adam, Andrew, Zhang Ben Yu and Sean, featuring Wei Xiang and Jia Bing, and featuring Zheng Kai and Feng Shaofeng.

Caroline Eichhorn, a 27-year-old grassroots cadre, witnessed the magnificent turn of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD). "Less than a year ago, many people tried their best not to have anything to do with the Social Democratic Party, and they were all afraid of getting our’ political poison’." Caroline laughed at herself to The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) recently. "Now we can meet people from all walks of life and basically see smiling faces."

On September 27th, 2021, in Berlin, Germany, Scholz, leader of the Social Democratic Party and candidate for prime minister, accepted flowers. Pengpai image map

On the evening of September 26th, local time, the German Bundestag election ended, and the 16-year Merkel era was about to come to an end. The Social Democratic Party won a slight lead in the election.

Since joining the Social Democratic Party in 2016, Caroline has never seen such a "grand occasion": crowded local party departments, fresh young faces and relaxed expressions of party member people. These are long-lost sights, which seem to only appear in the history of the party. "For colleagues whose party age is similar to mine, everyone’s mood is similar. These days are a bit like a holiday." Caroline told The Paper.

Her words are not exaggerated in general, and the Social Democrats do have reason to rejoice. In the second half of Merkel’s period, this old-fashioned political party, which once represented the European social democratic movement, has almost been concluded by public opinion: if we search the media reports of the past few years, in addition to the German media themselves, the mainstream English media often rudely evaluate the Social Democratic Party as a "dying political antique".

After winning the election, public opinion was decisively reversed. The British "Guardian" even talked about the overall rise of the European Social Democratic Party after the German election. This old party, which was born in 1863, has a "second spring" for a time. Although its advantages are weak and the future of forming a cabinet is not clear, it has not prevented Caroline and her colleagues from entering the celebration mode.

"political antiques" turn over

When she first joined the Social Democratic Party, Caroline felt that she might be a minority among her peers. At that time, she had just finished the Erasmus exchange program in Rennes, a small town in western France, and returned to Mannheim to finish her last year of college.

"Why do you want to join such a doddering party? This is the question I was most often asked by my friends at that time. " Caroline recalled, "I was advised that if I have a sense of mission to environmental protection, I should not hesitate to join the Green Party with a bright future, and that is where future leaders gather; If I am obsessed with social justice, I can consider the Die Linke, which keeps refreshing my sense of existence. Why do you want to tie your personal future to the dying Social Democratic Party? "

The Social Democratic Party suffered a crushing defeat in the 2009 federal parliamentary election. In 2013, it won 25.7% of the votes, and the election rebounded slightly, but it was still firmly suppressed by the 41.5% of the votes of the Alliance Party. Shortly after Caroline joined in 2017, the Social Democratic Party won only 20% of the votes in the general election. It can be said that during the entire Merkel era, the Social Democratic Party was deeply in the shadow of the Coalition party.

Traditionally, the Social Democratic Party and the CDU are two major competitors in German politics. In Merkel’s current government, the Social Democratic Party and the Coalition Party (CDU/CSU) were in power together out of helplessness. However, this does not prevent Scholz, the candidate of the Social Democratic Party as prime minister, from portraying herself as some kind of successor to Merkel’s legacy in her campaign strategy.

Zheng Chunrong, director of the German Studies Center of Tongji University, told The Paper that Scholz just enjoyed the "ruling bonus" of Merkel’s government. As a member of the cabinet, he faced major challenges such as the epidemic together with Merkel. If voters think that Merkel’s government has any ruling achievements, it is also due to Scholz. In addition, the Social Democratic Party has long recommended Scholz, who is not even the leader of the Party, as the candidate for prime minister. No matter how low the polls were, the Social Democratic Party did not split and fight, which also helped Scholz to build his steady image.

For the sake of public relations, Scholz also imitated some behaviors of Merkel, such as the common diamond gesture. This was immediately dismissed by the German media as a poor imitation, and was also accused by Merkel herself. However, in addition to his superficial actions, the strategy of forcibly getting involved with Merkel did have a certain effect. After all, the Social Democratic Party has worked with Merkel for many years, and some Coalition party voters have less doubts and strangeness. They can abandon the Coalition party for change, but they will not give their votes to the Green Party or the radical left party for prudent reasons.

Scholz imitates Merkel’s gestures.

Unexpected votes

Caroline was very impressed by a voter who worked for Daimler. His name is Constantine and he works as an engineer in Daimler’s factory in Mannheim. Constantine is over 40 years old and has long been accustomed to the stability and comfort of Merkel’s era. In the past few elections, he voted for the CDU.

"When I visited him a few months ago, I thought it was just a routine, and he would definitely continue to vote for the CDU." Caroline said, "I didn’t expect him to catch me that day and ask a series of questions, from industrial policy to employee welfare to energy transformation, for an hour and a half." Caroline’s interviewee lives in a three-story villa with a small garden, which is furnished with a sense of design and has a corner dedicated to collecting various classic models of Daimler’s cars.

Constantine has been engaged in the development and improvement of fuel engines in the factory for many years. As the technical backbone of a century-old factory, he told Caroline that he can earn more than 5,000 euros a month, and he also has more than 40 days of paid holidays every year, and he can take his wife and three children to Australia, Iceland and Turkey for holidays abroad. Therefore, for Constantine, Daimler provides not only a job opportunity, but a lifelong career. But in the second half of Merkel’s era, he saw the outline of the crisis looming.

"Before showing his interest in the Social Democratic Party, Constantine told me his worries." Caroline recalled that the mainstream consensus in German society today is to phase out fossil fuels, and the differences between various parties are only a matter of timetable, not necessity. If the transformation must come, as a practitioner in the automobile industry, he hopes that the change will not be too radical, and that engineers and senior skilled workers can live under a government that pays attention to protecting the rights and interests of employees. "

Daimler factory in Mannheim in the 1920s.

Daimler company is not a wave in the tide of green energy transformation in Germany. According to The New York Times, Daimler didn’t release its first car that uses electricity completely until this year, and in order to conform to the industry trend, the company has set a grand plan to eliminate internal combustion engines in 2030. A senior engineer named Alexander hinted at the pessimism about the employment prospects in an interview with the US media. "An internal combustion engine needs 1,200 parts, and 200 is enough if electricity is used."

As Constantine told Caroline, all the major political parties in Germany, except the Choice Party, said that climate and energy transformation should be the priorities of the next government, and they all promised voters a timetable to achieve carbon neutrality. The center-left Social Democratic Party and the Coalition Party have been in power for many years, and like the CDU, they all advocate carbon neutrality by 2045 at the latest. In Germany, where green issues have swept public opinion, this is a relatively satisfactory formulation. In contrast, the Green Party calls for carbon neutrality within 20 years, and renewable energy will replace all fossil fuels and nuclear power generation by 2035, for which the sales of new internal combustion engines will be gradually stopped around 2030.

Like most of his colleagues, Constantine is a member of Daimler’s trade union. According to Deutsche Welle, most employees of Daimler have joined trade unions, and half of the company’s supervisory board are members of trade unions. In the eyes of those who admire "Made in Germany", strong trade unions, favorable treatment, stable security and sufficient vocational skills training opportunities have maintained the long-term loyalty of outstanding engineers and workers to the company.

It is not difficult to understand that Constantine, who is tired of the CDU, has few choices left. The Social Democratic Party is the only option that does not pursue too radical energy transformation, emphasizes the welfare protection of employees and brings its own "stable old party" color. The Social Democratic Party has been called the "guardian" of national economic security by the German media, and Scholz belongs to the slightly right wing of the party, which is closer to the economic line of former Chancellor Schroeder with a slightly neoliberal color.

"This is an unexpected ticket." After harvesting Constantine’s vote, Caroline commented, "To some extent, it is also the legacy left by Merkel to our Social Democratic Party."

Fragmentation and "Introversion to Germany"

Not only the Social Democratic Party, but also the Merkel era left an indelible mark on the entire German political arena. Since the parliamentary elections in 2017, there has been a further fragmentation of "the big party is not big and the small party is not small" in German politics. This election has not changed the overall situation. It is even more and more clear that the biggest winner of the election is not the Social Democratic Party, which won the most votes, but the small parties, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Green Party, which cannot be bypassed in forming a cabinet.

Following the development of the situation two days after the election, Caroline’s joy gradually faded. "How can there be an atmosphere in which the Liberal Democratic Party and the Green Party are really in power now?" Caroline said. This statement may be exaggerated, but it accurately reflects the reality that both the Social Democratic Party and the Coalition Party want from them.

On September 29th, Social Democratic Party Secretary-General Klinebel announced that negotiations on the formation of a cabinet would be officially started on October 3rd. Klinebel, Scholz and others will hold consultations with the leaders of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Green Party. The Social Democratic Party also said that there was "no plan B" for forming a cabinet, which meant that the Social Democratic Party would no longer form a cabinet with the Coalition party, and almost regarded the "traffic light" cabinet (Social Democratic Party, Green Party and Liberal Democratic Party) as the only option.

On the other hand, Sheila Schet, the prime minister candidate of the Coalition party and the leader of the Christian Democratic League, and Xizede, the leader of the Christian Social League, also announced on the same day that they had reached an agreement within the Coalition party and would strive for leadership to form a cabinet. They also sent letters to the leaders of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Green Party to congratulate the election results, in order to win the support of the two parties for the Coalition party’s cabinet formation plan.

As the fragmentation of political parties intensifies, the aging population in Germany is also accelerating: compared with the 2017 election, the gap between the number of middle-aged and elderly voters eligible to vote and young voters has further widened, and more than half of the voters are over 50 years old. This voter structure also affects the weight of the election results determined by grand issues such as climate change.

Although climate change has become one of the top topics of public concern in Germany in recent years, there are signs before the general election, and people’s interest in grand narrative may not be as high as public opinion expected.

According to Politico, a political news website, German voters’ general concern about climate reached its peak during the flood in July this year, but it failed to become the key to the direction of votes. Many voters have different opinions. According to a poll before voting, more than half of the voters claimed that environmental protection and climate change were the most important issues, but in fact, less than a quarter of them used them to decide the ownership of their votes.

According to an online survey conducted by German media "German Editorial Network" (RND) and research company YouGov, Germans aged 18-29 are most concerned about environmental issues (53% of respondents choose), while those aged 30-54 (63%) and those aged 55 and over (79%) are most concerned about pensions. In addition, half or more respondents aged 18 to 29 are concerned about health, pension and education.

Two weeks before the general election, polls showed that environmental climate and energy transformation surpassed the COVID-19 epidemic and became the most concerned topics for German voters. However, this unprecedented concern has not brought direct benefits to the Green Party, which holds high the climate banner. When the Green Party announced in April this year that it had elected 40-year-old Anna Lena Berber as the candidate for prime minister, it caused a heated discussion, and the support rate once rushed to the first place, but when the voting approached, Berber’s popularity had fallen back to the third place.

Another surprising thing is that European issues are almost ignored by all parties. Caroline, who studied European politics, admitted that she felt that European issues were "left out" in the process of contacting voters. First of all, many elderly voters are not very interested in this. "As an individual, the European issue is certainly not the most concerned thing, and I understand the voters." Caroline explained that a large number of elderly voters are first concerned about pensions and social security, and what they are looking for from the Social Democratic Party is more certainty than a revolutionary narrative of European integration.

On September 26th, 2021, local time, Berlin, Germany, after the election, candidates from all parties participated in the TV debate. Pengpai image map

This phenomenon has also been captured by the keen French media. To the great embarrassment of European neighbors, in the public TV debate, none of the candidates of the major parties systematically and comprehensively expounded their views on EU construction. The French media le figaro commented that this was very difficult to understand, because Germany, as one of the pillars of the EU, had many reasons to think carefully about where the EU would go in the future general election.

The French media commented with some regret that the German election paid too much attention to domestic issues. The German media "Sü ddeutsche Zeitung" also admitted that at such a crucial election campaign moment that all of Europe paid attention to Germany, the Germans "did not bother to cast a glance at Europe". Of course, there are factors that voters care more about daily life. But at a deeper level, le figaro commented that it also reflected that after the EU experienced many crises (debt, refugees and COVID-19), ordinary people realized that the nation-state was back, and the governments of member countries were often able to respond to crises more quickly than transnational institutions.

"My major in France is European studies. I still remember how this experience shaped me and my classmates into Europhile. Another reason for choosing the Social Democratic Party is that I believe in a more United Europe. " Caroline recalled in French, which is still fluent today, "With rich experience of studying and traveling in many countries, I returned to my hometown of Mannheim. It didn’t take long for me to find out that the imagination of politics in my student days may be a little too romantic. At that time, I had to talk to my classmates about the grand propositions of Britain’s Brexit and the EU’s climate response. In my hometown, I found that I still had to face daily necessities in politics. "

"Besides, after the baptism of the COVID-19 epidemic, the actual side of people’s mentality is also revealed. Perhaps it is not just myself that has changed. Compared with a few years ago, Germany seems to have become more introverted. " Caroline said.

(At the request of the interviewee, Caroline and Constantine are pseudonyms.)

　　BEIJING, May 13 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, recently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Education jointly issued a notice on doing a good job in the open recruitment of kindergarten teachers in primary and secondary schools in 2020. The notice requires that in the open recruitment of teachers in primary and secondary kindergartens (including the "special post plan"), all localities should set recruitment conditions scientifically and reasonably according to post requirements, and must not set directional or discriminatory conditions unrelated to posts.

　　Data map: A primary school. China News Service reporter Zhang Yunshe

　　The notice proposes to raise awareness and make overall plans to do a good job in open recruitment of teachers. Affected by the epidemic, the employment situation of college graduates is grim this year. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have issued a series of important measures to stabilize employment and promote the employment of college graduates. All localities should, in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, unify their thinking, attach great importance to it, fully understand the importance of the current employment of college graduates and the construction of teachers, make overall plans to promote the prevention and control of epidemic situation and the reform and development of education, stabilize the stock and expand the increment, take various measures to promote the employment of college graduates, comprehensively strengthen the construction of teachers, especially grassroots teachers, do a good job in the open recruitment of teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in 2020, and encourage and guide more college graduates to supplement them to meet the needs of education development.

　　The circular calls for tapping the potential for innovation and strengthening the security of teaching and administrative staff in primary and secondary schools. All localities should conscientiously implement the relevant policy requirements of the state to further tap the potential and innovate to strengthen the management of primary and secondary school staff, increase the efforts to tap the potential, innovate and coordinate the adjustment of career preparation, make good use of existing resources, especially all kinds of career preparation in the education system, and implement the unified standards for the preparation of primary and secondary school staff in urban and rural areas. Fully consider a variety of addendum factors, scientifically and reasonably verify the staffing of primary and secondary school teachers, and provide more primary and secondary school teachers for college graduates.

　　The notice pointed out that key breakthroughs should be made and kindergarten teachers should be supplemented. All localities should focus on strengthening the open recruitment of kindergarten teachers, implement the "Standards for Kindergarten Staff (Provisional)", innovate personnel management methods, ensure the wages and benefits of kindergarten teachers, and participate in social insurance according to laws and regulations. Support all localities to strengthen the allocation of kindergarten staffing. Conditional provinces approve a certain number of kindergarten faculty staffing every year, and recruit college graduates majoring in preschool education to work in kindergartens. When allocating relevant funds, the central government will make overall consideration of the number of full-time teachers in kindergartens around the country to support the reform and development of preschool education.

　　The notice mentioned that in order to optimize the supply, teachers should be openly recruited to implement "first on duty, then research". In the open recruitment of kindergarten teachers in primary and secondary schools (including the "special post plan"), all localities should set recruitment conditions scientifically and reasonably according to the post requirements, and must not set directional or discriminatory conditions unrelated to the post. According to the requirements of seven departments, such as the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, to implement the phased measures of "taking posts first and then researching" for some professional qualifications in response to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, recruiting college graduates before December 31, 2020 shall not take obtaining teacher qualification certificates as a restrictive condition.

　　The circular pointed out that we should actively support and guide college graduates to teach in schools in hard and remote areas. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the open recruitment of county and township institutions in hard and remote areas, and on the basis of adhering to the basic system of open recruitment, kindergartens in counties and townships in hard and remote areas can appropriately relax the recruitment conditions such as age, education and major, and broaden the recruitment channels; You can take out a certain number of jobs to recruit household registration personnel (or students) in this county, this city or surrounding counties and cities. Among them, township primary and secondary schools and kindergartens recruit college graduates with bachelor degree or above, and county primary and secondary schools and kindergartens recruit college graduates with master degree or above, which can be openly recruited by means of interview and direct inspection in light of actual conditions; According to the registration of candidates, professional distribution and other conditions, the proportion of opening examinations can be appropriately reduced, or the proportion of opening examinations can not be set, and the qualified score line can be delineated.

　　The notice requires that the wall chart be promoted to ensure the completion of the "special post plan" recruitment plan. Local education administrative departments should, in accordance with the work arrangements, formulate work promotion charts, strengthen coordination with human resources and social security, preparation, finance and other departments, earnestly do a good job in the implementation of this year’s "special post plan" recruitment organization, carefully allocate plans, widely publicize policies, and attract college graduates to apply. The provinces that have not completed the plan for one-time recruitment can make up the employment or organize the second recruitment in turn according to the regulations to ensure the recruitment completion rate. The provinces that implement the local "special post plan" should co-ordinate the use of the "special post plan" at the central and local levels and give priority to the completion of the central "special post plan". In 2020, the recruitment of teachers in the "special post plan" of the central government will give appropriate support to the recruitment plan of Hubei Province and the graduates from Hubei and Hubei universities.

　　The notice also mentioned that coordination and cooperation should be carried out to implement the responsibility of teacher recruitment. The departments of human resources, social security, education, establishment and finance at all levels should strengthen coordination and cooperation, perform their duties, increase the open recruitment of teachers according to the situation of the construction of students and teachers in kindergartens of all kinds of primary and secondary schools, refine the measures and clarify the tasks, and expand the recruitment of a certain number of college graduates on the basis of the number of college graduates recruited last year to attract more college graduates to teach. All localities should start the open recruitment of teachers in 2020 as soon as possible in light of the actual situation. The recruitment announcement will be published on the open recruitment service platform of the comprehensive personnel management department of public institutions, the website of the education department and the "24365 Campus Recruitment" platform of the Ministry of Education, and the recruitment information will be widely promoted through various channels. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education and the Central Editorial Office will establish a scheduling and coordination mechanism to regularly schedule the progress of the implementation of open recruitment of teachers in various places, coordinate and solve problems and difficulties in the work, and give support in related work.

　　Finally, the notice pointed out that we should vigorously support and enhance the ability of private schools to absorb employment. All localities should strengthen the implementation of employment policies, support private schools to actively absorb employment, and implement tax relief, social insurance subsidies, one-time employment subsidies and other support policies for private primary and secondary schools and kindergartens that absorb the employment of key groups such as college graduates and people with employment difficulties. We will implement the phased social insurance premium reduction policy for private primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in accordance with regulations.

Recently, Zhu Lingthallium poisoning incidents have been heated up on the Internet. What kind of element is "thallium" and what kind of historical story is there? Fang Zhouzi published an article "The Legend of a Fatal Element" on Hexun.com’s personal blog on May 17th, telling us the criminal history of the deadly poison thallium.

Discovering new chemical elements was once the highest glory that chemists dreamed of. The British were far ahead in the list of new elements. During 1807 ~ 1808, David discovered or first isolated seven elements. But after more than 40 years, this glory was no longer missed by the British. More than a dozen newly discovered elements were discovered by Sweden, Germany, France, Denmark and Russia. The content of new elements in nature is becoming scarcer and scarcer, and it is becoming more and more difficult to find them.

In 1860, German Bunsen and Kirchhoff invented a new method to analyze the composition of matter — — Spectral analysis. The principle of this method is that a substance is heated at high temperature, dissociated into a gaseous state, and emitted light, which is decomposed into a spectrum composed of colored lines through a spectroscope. Different elements form different spectra. If new lines are found in the spectra, it means that new elements are found. In this way, Bunsen and Kirchhoff discovered cesium and rubidium successively.

Photo of Zhu Ling (taken in 1993)

Zhu Ling after illness.

At that time, crookes, an Englishman, turned to science journalism and edited Chemical News after finding nothing new elements. After learning about the discovery of Bunsen and Kirchhoff, crookes was re-inspired to find new elements. In March 1861, when crookes made a spectral analysis of the waste residue from a sulfuric acid plant, he found that a bright green line that had never been seen before flashed and disappeared. He is keenly aware that this may be a new element. Subsequent analysis confirmed this. He named this new element Thallium according to the color of the lines, which means "twig" in Greek and translated into thallium in Chinese. Crookes immediately published his findings, and then tried to separate this new element. However, he had too few raw materials, and only a little thallium was isolated for research in January 1862. He thought thallium was a heavy metal.

克鲁克斯不知道的是，在海峡彼岸，法国人拉米也在做同样的研究，也独立看到了那条亮绿色线条。但是拉米在5月份当地的一次学术会议上公布其发现时，克鲁克斯早已抢先公布了，所以拉米就沿用克鲁克斯的命名，称之为铊。与克鲁克斯不同的是，拉米手上有大量的原料可供分离。2星期后，他用电解法分离获得铊金属锭。

1862年5月1日，克鲁克斯应邀在伦敦世界博览会上展出他的发现，展品中除了一些铊盐，还有一粒粉末，标注“铊，一种新的金属元素”。当年6月，拉米带着铊锭从法国赶来参展。克鲁克斯和拉米碰头后，才知道拉米也独立发现了铊，而且比他更进一步获得了纯化的铊锭。而拉米则认为克鲁克斯展出的那一粒粉末根本就不是金属铊，而是铊的硫化物。两人自此起了争执。博览会组织者的一次失误让这次争执火上浇油。在获奖名单中，拉米作为铊的发现者获得奖牌，却没有克鲁克斯的名字。在克鲁克斯写信抗议后，组织者承认是编辑错误，在获奖者名单第二版中，把克鲁克斯也作为铊的发现者补进去。

Crookes thinks he is the discoverer of thallium, because he first saw the green lines of thallium, determined the elemental properties of thallium, and isolated thallium. Lamy admitted that he saw the green lines of thallium and determined the elemental properties of thallium independently later than crookes, but he first determined that thallium was a metal and really separated thallium for the first time. Lamy’s view is that only by separating the new element can it be truly discovered. Lamy also accused crookes of plagiarizing his viewpoint. Before that, crookes thought thallium was a metalloid, and only after meeting Lamy at the Expo did he know that thallium was a metal. Crookes denied plagiarizing Lamy’s views, because he didn’t know much French and Lamy didn’t know much English. How could he plagiarize when they met?

Crookes made use of his scientific media to publish a series of contributions to support himself. Other British journals have also published articles in support of crookes. British scientists are happy to support him for British honor. After all, this is the first time since David that the British have discovered new elements and compared him with David. Lamy can naturally make his own voice in the French media. Both sides are fighting for their own priority and the honor of the motherland, and they are quarrelling endlessly. Comparatively speaking, the British scientific community needs this priority more and supports crookes more. In June, 1863, nominated by Faraday and others, crookes was elected as a member of the Royal Society of England at an extremely fast speed, and his achievement was simply listed as "the discoverer of thallium". At this point, crookes became famous and no longer argued with Lamy.

Lamy experimented with thallium and found that thallium was very toxic. He once dissolved 5 grams of thallium sulfate in milk and found that it was enough to kill 2 hens, 6 ducks, 2 puppies and a bitch. Crookes doesn’t believe thallium is poisonous. He said that he had done experiments with thallium vapor for a long time and didn’t get sick because of it; He swallowed one or two thallium salts and found nothing wrong.

There is nothing to argue about on this issue. Thallium is toxic and highly toxic. Thallium sulfate is colorless, odorless and highly toxic, so it is very suitable to be used as rodenticide. Mice will not only die if they eat bait mixed with thallium sulfate, but also die if they eat the bodies of poisoned mice. Thallium sulfate has been widely used as a rodenticide in the world since the 1920s. But this rat poison can also kill people. In the early 1950s, thallium sulfate rat poison was even popular in Australia, and many cases occurred. In Sydney alone, hospitals treated 103 cases of thallium poisoning.

Poisoners like to use thallium for poisoning, because thallium is colorless and odorless, requires a small amount (about one gram can kill them), is not easy to be detected, and the symptoms (gastrointestinal reaction, hair loss, peripheral nerve disease, etc.) after poisoning are easily confused with other diseases, and it is difficult to diagnose. Thallium poisoning has therefore become a common theme in detective novels and movies. One of the most famous is pale horse published by agatha christie, a former pharmacist, in 1961. Because of its accurate description of thallium poisoning methods and symptoms, it was criticized as a poisoning textbook. There are indeed some thallium poisoning cases in which the criminals were inspired by reading pale horse. For example, in the thallium poisoning case in Florida in 1988, the police searched the suspect’s room and found a copy of pale horse. In three cases of thallium poisoning in Japan, whether you have read the pale horse or not was investigated as important evidence, especially in the case of the medical department of Tokyo University in 1991, and the witness’s testimony that the suspect had read the book was even regarded as important evidence.

Pale horse also played a positive role. In 1971, about 70 people developed strange diseases in a factory in Bowen, England, and 3 people died. A doctor who read "pale horse" realized that it might be thallium poisoning and contacted the police. It turned out that an employee who poisoned his family at the age of 14 threw thallium into tea for everyone to drink. In 1977, a 19-month-old baby was sent from Qatar to London for rescue because of a strange disease. A nurse who read "pale horse" suspected thallium poisoning. After testing thallium poisoning, she confirmed her suspicion. However, she was not poisoned, but ate rat poison containing thallium sulfate by mistake.

Thallium has its application value in medical treatment, chemical engineering, material engineering and other fields, but its reputation as a poison is so great that people think that it exists as a poison. In fact, due to the progress of diagnosis and medical technology, thallium is no longer a good poison. It usually takes two weeks or more from onset to death after thallium poisoning. If it can be diagnosed and detoxified in time, there will be almost no sequelae. What is needed is that doctors should have enough knowledge and vigilance against thallium poisoning.

This photo is probably the plot of countless people’s minds: Beijing Courtyard, with wine and stories, and the purest rock music of that era. But who are the others in this picture except Dou Wei and Faye Wong?

In fact, these people are the members of the dream band formed after Dou Wei left Black Panther band — — Guitarist Wu Ke, keyboard Bai Fanglin, Beth Chen Jin, drummer Yu Weimin and agent Chen Xiaohu (from right to left).

Chen Xiaohu, Tiger is Dou Wei’s friend for many years. This time, he was invited by Qi Youyi, a well-known music critic, to make a radio program of "Another Rock List". The short 50 minutes divided into two programs once again opened the door to the old interesting things in the Beijing rock circle in the 1990 s.

1. The acquaintance between Tiger mr. six and He Yong made him pick up the guitar.

Chen Xiaohu’s father and He Yong’s father He Yushan are peers. He and He Yong, Gu Saner, Liu Yuan, Zhang Ling and others are children living in that mysterious compound. After meeting He Yong at the "Music Teahouse" with the characteristics of the times, he began to play guitar and got to know many "wild children" who played rock at that time through him. According to all kinds of anecdotes he recalled, he and the famous musician Feng Mantian watched Cui Jian’s rehearsal outside the glass window of the rehearsal room of the Oriental Song and Dance Troupe.

2. I went to Shenyang to go to the acupuncture point with Faye Wong, and I was beaten because I wanted to resist the collective because of my unpaid wages.

Still because of He Yong, Chen Xiaohu and Faye Wong, He Yong, Luan Shu and others went to the northeast to "go to the cave", and the performances in those years were highly treated. Singers generally got an 200 yuan, and the band members were 50 each. Tiger said that Faye Wong was very good in those days, and everyone was surprised when he sang Teresa Teng. However, that trip to the cave was the first and last time for Faye Wong, and this experience was very sensational. Because the cave head deliberately defaulted on his salary, it was a very considerable sum of money. He Yong and Chen Xiaohu, who are only teenagers, bought watermelon knives and tried to rob the money, but they were caught by some "thugs" brought by the cave head. When they came back, the figures who used to be children came back to perform, and their faces were all colored.

3. The Dream Band rehearsed and ate eggplant for three months. Dou Wei’s obesity is related to fried cakes.

Tiger always called Dou Wei "Teacher Dou" or directly called "Dou". He recalled that the Dreaming Band rehearsed day and night for a new song for three months. During that time, everyone had four dishes and one soup, because Dou Wei loved to eat roasted eggplant and fried cakes, and everyone else followed him for three months. "Teacher Dou can eat at that time, and he can eat a catty when eating fried cakes!" Tiger recalled this laugh and was very happy. The host continued to ask Dou Wei when he began to gain weight. Tiger half-jokingly said that it basically started when Dou Wei was crazy about eating fried cakes.

When Zhang Peiren sold Dou Wei’s contract to Magic Rock, Dark Dream, which was painstakingly choreographed by Dream Band, was handed over to others for production. When talking about his views on this record, Tiger said without hesitation that the record was badly made. Maybe fans would think it was already very powerful, but compared with the version rehearsed by Dream Band in those years, it may be only 30% at most.

When Tiger mentioned Dark Dream, these words revealed his distress and disappointment. He hoped that young people today would not be confused by business, and the signing of the lead singer’s leaving the team would lead to the record recording being stupid. Perhaps this is one-sided, but after the commercial impact on mainland rock music, it did lose a batch of music that should have been better.