Reporter’s visit： How was the Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall completed？

The 28 pillars at the south gate of the memorial symbolize the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s 28-year struggle from the founding of the Party to the establishment of a new China.

Pay attention to the protection of ancient trees during the construction of memorial hall.

The second floor of the east gate of the memorial hall is designed with four beams and eight columns.

The preface hall of the solemn and magnificent memorial hall.

The facade of the memorial hall is made of gold rust stone.

　　Upside down and generous! "Beijing ‘ Catch the exam ’ " "Entering Xiangshan", "Continuing to command the liberation of China", "Preparing for the construction of a new China" and "Do not forget your initiative mind keeps in mind its mission and strives forever" are solid steps for the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to advance all the way in the past 70 years.

　　In the past few days, if you have been to the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, you must have heard of this magnificent history and seen a building built to inherit and remember this red memory — — Xiangshan revolutionary memorial hall. The Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall, covering an area of 2.4 hectares and a building area of 17,985 square meters, is an ancient and new building. With modern technology and traditional elements such as sloping roof and bucket arch, it is more solemn and solemn, and it also adheres to the concept of green thrift. The pattern of depending on the mountain makes the building grow naturally in the mountains and forests, and it is as natural as the environment, just like a beauty. If one point is increased, it will be long, and if one point is reduced, it will be short.

　　How on earth was this building completed? The Beijing Evening News reporter made a special visit to record the bit by bit of the Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall.

　　Memorial hall pattern

　　At 13: 00 on September 11th, taking advantage of lunch break, worker Han Kai walked to the Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall at the foot of the mountain, and went up the stairs from the East Square. He pointed to the stones under his feet and said softly, "They are all whole, and there is no ‘ Broken live ’ " Under the corners of my mouth, I can’t hide my pride.

　　Breaking is a jargon in engineering, which means that there is no place that is cut into small pieces of stones. This detail, which is basically impossible for ordinary people to notice, is precisely the gap between high-quality projects and ordinary projects.

　　■ Reduce the volume

　　Three sides are embedded underground with the terrain.

　　Xiangshan, 557 meters above sea level, has many historical sites, and pavilions are scattered among the mountains like stars. The newly completed Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall, just like growing out of the mountains, is natural with the surrounding environment. People standing on the street looking east can only see the sloping roof surrounded by green trees and a faint half-story facade, and they can never imagine that there is a world under the green trees.

　　"This is to use the height difference of Xiangshan itself to make the whole building embedded in the mountain." Zhuang Weimin, the chief designer and dean of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, told the reporter that Xiangshan, located in the area of three mountains and five gardens, belongs to a scenic spot in Beijing. From the perspective of urban planning, all buildings must follow the "moderate reduction". "How can a Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall with an area of nearly 18,000 square meters be integrated with the environment? We borrowed the method of blanking, so that the south, north and west sides are embedded into the ground with the terrain, and the fifth facade formed by the sloping roof, thus resolving the sense of awkwardness brought by the volume and outline of the building. "

　　■ profound meaning

　　Building Four Beams and Eight Columns for New China

　　While reducing the building volume, Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall has also formed two unique axes. From the exhibition hall to the South Square, it is spread along the north-south axis, facing south, creating a sense of ceremony of traditional memorial buildings in China. From the entrance of the audience to the West Square, it is spread along the east-west axis, sitting west to east, looking at the incense burner peak in the west and facing the Beijing City in the east, which is convenient for the audience’s activities, and also conforms to the history of the CPC Central Committee’s "going to Beijing to take the exam" and liberating all China in Xiangshan.

　　There are many similar meanings. The canopy shape of "four beams and eight pillars" implies that the CPC Central Committee built four beams and eight pillars for the new China in Xiangshan. The 28 colonnades symbolize the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s 28-year struggle from the founding of the Party to the establishment of a new China. On the South Square stands the flag pole with a height of 19.49 meters, which means that People’s Republic of China (PRC) was born in 1949.

　　Memorial hall jiangxin

　　Metal carved bucket arch, four-beam and eight-column dome, antique Han-Tang pottery tile, semi-new and semi-old dry-hung stone, natural courtyard with ventilation and light transmission & HELIP; … As a newly completed modern and contemporary building, the Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall is full of simple and solemn traditional beauty.

　　■ Respect for tradition

　　Traditional elements are integrated into modern techniques

　　"Architecture should respect tradition and nature, and form a natural relationship with nature." Zhuang Weimin said, taking the dry hanging stone on the facade as an example, the design team has done a lot of research on what material to choose, and compared several domestic stone materials, such as gold rust stone, golden hemp, Suizhou yellow stone and Kaman stone, and chose the most suitable gold rust stone.

　　Of course, respecting tradition does not mean 100% conformity. The reporter noticed that although the elements of the arch and cornice are traditional and historical, the material of the arch and the pattern of the cornice are all new techniques. Here, the traditional wooden materials are replaced by modern aluminum alloy and stainless steel, with a more stable structure, a deeper tone and lower cost. Only the main gate retains the brass commonly used in ancient buildings, so that the audience can feel the continuation of time in touch.

　　■ Careful everywhere

　　Practicing economy and choosing antique pottery tiles

　　"In order to produce these 58,000 pieces of antique Han and Tang pottery tiles for the roof, it is really not easy to go back and forth." Liu Xionggeng, deputy manager of the decoration of Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall of Beijing Urban Construction Group, remembers that copper tiles were considered at first, but considering the high cost, pottery tiles with the same effect but more economical were selected later. Then, the color that is most suitable for the environment is selected from the three alternative colors.

　　Set the color, mass production is also a particular job. The factory producing pottery tiles is located in a small town under the jurisdiction of Foshan City, Guangdong Province. The simple hotel in the town is 6 kilometers away from the factory site. Every day, Liu Xionggeng rides three hops between the hotel and the factory, and stays for 31 days. Appearance, strength, arch height, diagonal, every time the mold is fired, Liu Xionggeng will pull a ruler to test each value one by one, and any unqualified one will have to be returned to the furnace and rebuilt. In this way, after repeated firing for six or seven times, the satisfactory mold can be considered before entering the mass production stage. "Because we were worried about damage in transportation, we gave up the usual land transportation and changed to water transportation. We transported Taowa to Tianjin Port first and then pulled it back to Beijing from Tianjin."

　　The same is true of stone production on the facade. 16,000 square meters of gold rust stone are prefabricated and pasted in the factory, and then pulled to the engineering site for hanging. "Among them, the largest stone has an area of 2.5 square meters and consists of 8 sub-parts." Liu Xionggeng told reporters that the bonding angle of stone can be varied, 90 degrees, 110 degrees, 130 degrees, 135 degrees, 160 degrees … … Every angle must be exactly the same, otherwise it will not be straight when pasted together. "In the factory, we first make a model wall according to the full-scale ratio, and every stone in the wall is numbered one by one." Liu Xionggeng said that from 58,000 pieces of Han and Tang pottery tiles and 104 metal arches to 16,000 square meters of dry hanging stone, 3,600 square meters of glass curtain wall and Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall, every material in the project can be described as elaborate.

　　Memorial Hall Wisdom

　　In addition to care and care, engineering construction is also inseparable from wisdom. At the same time, in line with the concept of being green, frugal and close to the people, Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall also attaches great importance to green and energy conservation in its construction.

　　■ Strict control

　　600 columns are cast at one time.

　　Liu Kuisheng, the project manager, told the reporter that when the structure of Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall was under construction, it was in the peak season of tourism, and tourists came to Xiangshan in an endless stream, reaching 100,000 at the peak of daily passenger flow. In order not to affect tourists, the construction will be carried out at night. "In the earthwork excavation, in order to save time, we adopted ‘ Dig the heart ’ Tactics, excavation from the center, slope support around, and double-row piles as supporting structure. "

　　Due to the limited area of the site, the construction site was completely occupied by construction equipment, so the project department adopted sports warfare, "shooting one gun for another place", the office area was moved three times, the road was changed every few days, and the material processing shed was arranged wherever there was open space. "The raw materials came in in the middle of the night, and the inspection was also completed in the middle of the night, and nothing happened in the whole process ‘ Waiting for people ’ The situation. "

　　At the same time, as a project with a design service life of 100 years, in order to ensure the bearing capacity and the durability of the century-old building, 4,500 tons of steel bars and 26,000 cubic meters of concrete are used in the structure of Xiangshan Revolution Memorial Hall. "The diameter of the main reinforcement of the column is 32 mm, and the design is particularly dense. There are more than 70 steel bars in the most column." Liu Kuisheng said that it is not difficult to pour a column with a cross-sectional diameter of 1.2 meters and a height of 8 meters. In addition, it is often constructed at night, and the lighting conditions are poor. If you are not careful, quality problems will occur. "Under the strict control of the project department, more than 600 columns are all poured at one time, and no quality problems have occurred."

　　In order to build a high-quality project, builders never complain about hardship and tiredness. Chen Yanjun, who is taking wedding photos in Hangzhou, went to Beijing without saying anything. Rao Ze, who was newly married, left his pregnant wife at home and lived and ate at the construction site. When his wife was hospitalized with an operation on her right lung, Liu Xinwen only stayed with her for one day and then returned to the construction site to continue her work.

　　■ "Give way" ancient trees

　　The whole memorial hall moves 5 meters eastward.

　　It is understood that the building materials used in the construction of Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall, even small and micro materials including a small nail, are all domestic products; Earthwork uses local materials, and about 70% of the excavated earthwork is reused on site, which not only saves materials but also avoids dust. The air conditioning system adopts frequency conversion speed regulation and self-sensing temperature control, while the lighting system adopts intelligent control and LED energy-saving lamps.

　　There is also the protection of trees. Zhuang Weimin introduced that since the beginning of the design, the team has made a detailed investigation on all the trees in order to preserve the original ecology as much as possible. In order to protect several ancient trees such as Pinus tabulaeformis and Luanshu, the whole building has moved 5 meters to the east. "When we first entered the site, there were more than 400 trees in the foundation pit on the east side, including 136 precious Eucommia trees and more than ten ancient trees such as Luan tree, Sophora japonica and Pinus tabulaeformis."

　　Liu Kuisheng also remembers that in order to protect these more than 400 trees, everyone was cautious, and everything that could not be moved was not moved, and everything that had to be moved was transplanted to the maintenance base within 48 hours. It is also thanks to this that the audience who enter the Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Hall can see a green landscape from mountains, lawns, water gardens to courtyards. (Reporter Zhao Yingying, photo by Cheng Gong)